1 What is Anatomy & Physiology? 2023a

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Unit 1 What is Anatomy & Physiology?

Medical Instagram

Should Know's: Recall the four modern imaging tools Should Do's 1. Discuss the uses, advantages, and drawbacks of X-ray and MRI imaging. 2. Describe how the different tools are used for diagnosis.

types of imaging

PET

Purpose: diagnose heart disease, brain abnormalities, cancer spread, infection, bone and thyroid disease.

MRI

Advantages: uses a magnetic field to generate and image instead of radiation. 360-degree view of the body region being investigated

Disadvantages: Patients having metal implants can not be exposed to MRI

Purpose: Used to diagnose spinal cord injury, brain, and nervous system disorders

CAT scans

advantages: Can make soft tissue visible for diagnosis through the computer

Disadvantages: patients may experience anxiety from the claustrophobic environment presented by machines

Purpose: Used to view bone, muscle, tumors, and blood vessels

X-Rays

Advantage: Produces a high energy beam that passes through soft tissue and strike bone tissue but doesn't pass through

Disadvantages: patients able to develop cancer from over exposure

Purpose: used to diagnose fractures and bone deficit orders

Homeostasis and feedback loop

what is Homeostasis ?

Ability of a system to maintain the "normal condition"

W

Biological pathways used to restore the system to normal or to amplify a response

What is the feedback pathway?

Receptor - receives the stimulus

Effector - the responce

Control center (the brain) - process the stimulus

Stimulus - the variable the disrupts homeostasis

Levels of organization

1. Chemical Level

2. Cellular level

3. Tissue level

4. Organ level

5. System level

6. organism level

How do cells maintain homeostasis?

Passive transport

moment of substances WITH the concentration gradient NO ENERGY USED!

Osmosis movement of water

The types of solutions

Hypotonic

- Higher solute INSIDE - Higher water OUTSIDE

Isotonic

- Equal solute - Equal water

Hypertonic

- Higher solute OUTSIDE -Higher water INSIDE

Diffusion moment of solute

Active transport

Use energy to move substances (solute) against the concentration gradient

Investigating Diabetes

Should Knows Define: polydipsia, hyponotermia, diabetes, hypotonic, hyperttonic, and isotonic Should Do's Explain why people with diabetes experience hyponometria and polydipsia.

Topic 1.1 Anatomic Terms

SHOULD DO'S 1. Demonstrate the anatomical position 2. Describe the human body using directional and regional terms 3. Identify three planes most commonly used in the study of anatomy 4. Distinguish between the posterior (dorsal) and the anterior (ventral) body cavities, identifying their subdivisions and representative organs found in each 5. Describe serous membrane and explain its function

Superficial - closer to the surface of the body.

Deep - farther from the surface of the body.

What are the different Body directions?

Front & Back

Anterior (or ventral) - toward the front of the body.

Posterior (or dorsal) - direction toward the back of the body.

Right & Left

Medial - toward the middle of the body.

Lateral - toward the side of the body.

Toward & Away

Distal - farther from

Proximal - nearer to

What are the two body positions?

Superior (or cranial) - a position above or higher than another part of the body.

Inferior (or caudal) - lower than another part of the body.

Topic 1.0 What is Anatomy and Physiology

Should Knows Anatomy, Physiology, Homeostasis, Illness, Positive Feedback Loop, Negative Feedback Loop Should Do's 1. Contrast anatomy and physiology. 2. Explain the difference between a positive and negative feedback loop and provide an example of each. 3. Explain why illnesses occur.

What Are Feedback Loops?

Feedback loops is what maintains homeostasis.

What are the stagers in a Feedback loop?

How does Positive and Negative Feedback Regulate Body Functions?

The flu is an example of Positive and negative feedback. Wh

What Causes Illness?

If you don't maintain a healthy cycle then, your body cannot maintain homeostasis.

What is the Difference Between Anatomy & Physiology?

Graphing Data

Should Knows Define: Control, Variable, Independent variable, Dependent variable Should Do's 1. Accurately represent experimental data graphically.

How are Variables Used to Graph Data

What are the Different Grpahs used in Science?

Y- Axis DEPENDENT Variable

X - Axis Independent Variable

What are the Different Types of Experimental Variables?

Variable = Anything that is measured or changed in an experiment.

Subtopic

constant

Control Variable Constant Variable Variables that are being changed Examples - temperature, pressure, concentration

Anatomy and physiology focus on understanding body structures and their functions. A key concept is homeostasis, the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions. A feedback loop is involved in this process, including receptors, control centers, and effectors that respond to stimuli.