によって meena ishak 16年前.
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Baloney detection kit
The Baloney Detection Kit serves as a guide for critical thinking and skepticism, emphasizing the importance of evaluating multiple hypotheses and engaging in meaningful debates based on evidence.
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Baloney Detection Kit. What Not to do (Fallacies) • weasel words • suppressed evidence, • straw man • confusion of correlation and causation • slippery slope • short-term vs. long-term • excluded middle, or false dichotomy • meaningless question • post hoc, ergo propter hoc • non sequitur • inconsistency • misunderstanding of the nature of statistics • statistics of small numbers • observational selection • begging the question • special pleading • appeal to ignorance • argument from adverse consequences • argument from authority • ad hominem Tools for Skeptical thinking • Always ask whether the hypothesis can be, at least in principle, falsified • Occam's Razor • If there's a chain of argument, every link in the chain must work • Quantify • Not to get overly attached to a hypothesis just because it's yours • Spin more than one hypothesis • Encourage substantive debate on the evidence • Arguments from authority carry little weight • Wherever possible there must be independent confirmation of the "facts."
