Clinical Use of Psychedelics

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Differentiation Chapter 10

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factors that Influence livability

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Vaping

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Types of relationship

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Clinical Use of Psychedelics

Neural plasticity

Ly et al 2018 Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity

Atrophy of neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression and related disorders. The ability to promote both structural and functional plasticity in the PFC has been hypothesized to underlie the fast-acting antidepressant properties of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine. Here, we report that, like ketamine, serotonergic psychedelics are capable of robustly increasing neuritogenesis and/or spinogenesis both in vitro and in vivo

wikipedia

Mc Clure 2022

Induction of spine formation.

cortical neurons in vitro and in vivo by activating 5- HT2A receptors. Furthermore, we have found that many of the biochemical and behaviorl actions of psychdlcis are dependenct on the 5 ht 2a receptor interactioons with synapetic scaffolding protiens that are enriched in dendritic spine. Anti-depressansts can also induce spine formation and synarpic plasticity . This supposrts a mode;l for tx actions of delciss that point to a process that could enhncce synatoic plasticity.

Recently, we discovered and others99,100 confirmed that psychedelics can alter synaptic plasticity by enhancing dendritic spine formation on

An apical dendrite is a dendrite that emerges from the apex of a pyramidal cell.[1] Apical dendrites are one of two primary categories of dendrites, and they distinguish the pyramidal cells from spiny stellate cells in the cortices. Pyramidal cells are found in the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, the olfactory cortex, and other areas.[2] Dendrite arbors formed by apical dendrites are the means by which synaptic inputs into a cell are integrated.[3] The apical dendrites in these regions contribute significantly to memory, learning, and sensory associations by modulating the excitatory and inhibitory signals received by the pyramidal cells.

Actual Research

Analysis of live 5Meo expeprience

Pre Post MD LSD

Pre post EEG 5 Meo

Results

Right Angular Gyrus

Choices Analytical

How it was done

Social

Cognition

There is simply too much interveaved cortical functionality

Feel this is a red herring

What is the primary purpose of the brain

Delics and empathy

Delics lead to a pre-empthay state

Overall, clinical and social neuroscience research lends strong support to the notion that emotion reactivity in general, particularly the sharing of another’s distress, plays a pivotal role in facilitating prosocial behaviour.

Detecting distress in others?

Early automatic component N200 which relfects empathic arousal

Empathy does not require complex cognitive capacities such as theory of mind (ToM), or a conscious awareness of one’s feelings and others’ feelings, but it does entail a basic ability to discriminate between self-generated versus externally-caused stimulation.

the recognion, acceptance and non threatening awareness of more than me?

not so sure delics do that

leads to emotional contagion

feeling for what others feel?

Human Intelligence is Social Intelligence

we argue that empathy is an ability common to humans and many other animals, which has evolved primarily to support a range of prosocial behaviours, from parental care to helping

Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy and concern for others.

we

us

Me

Therefore, makes sense to examine the effects of psychedelics on social intelligence rather than focusing on the effects psychedelic's on cognition.

Where to integrate Hoffmans work on evolution of the fit

Brain can navigate multiple disparate problems -- but the heart of all problems it navigates is social relations (Robin Dunbar Evolutionary psychologist at University of Oxford)

Navigate social relationships

Navigate current environment?

Balance the three F's