Forms Expressing Unreality

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GRAMMAR IV

Nicole Leupinにより

Sleep map

Kolten Bartellにより

Voice

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WORDS TO DESCRIBE ART

marianna di Gioiaにより

Forms Expressing Unreality

object

It's time + Past Simple

It's time we did it

Wish

past perf. (past, regret)

I wish you hadn't eaten so much

past ind. (present, wanting change)

I wish he would change his mind and marry me

would/might/could + inf. (future, irritation)

I wish he would stop doing it

Doubt and negative expressions

if/whether + past simple

He wondered if it was true

It is possible, likely... it is wonderful, strange...

It observed that he didn't tell me about it

Fear

may + inf.

She was afraid that he had told his mother

Necessity, recommendation, suggestion, order, decision

I suggested (that) she should go somewhere

dependent use

appositive

...[designated word], [appositive], [predicate]... [There was a] suggestion/think/wish, that [sub.] should + inf.

подтема

adverbial

purpose

that\ in order that:

2. Noun(1) V so that/so/in order that Noun(2) V

1. Noun V in order + to inf

comparison

as if (как будто бы)/as though (словно) Past Simple/ Past Perfect: 1) simultaneous - Past simple 2) действие было чуть раньше - Past Perf. 3) в буд. - would + inf.

concession

- even if (даже если)/even though (даже несмотря на) Past + would + inf.(2) ЛИБО Past Perf. + would have V3(3)

(real) 0.[Present] If Pr. Simple, Pr simple

conditional

were to (Future)

should + inf.

mixed/split

(unreal) III.[Past] If Past Perf., would (not) have V3

would + would (polite request)

(unreal) II.[Pr. Future] If Past Simple, would + inf.

(real) I.[Future] If Pr. Simple, Fut. Simple (e.g. will)

but for + noun/pronoun

predicative

Subject is expressed by nouns as aim,decision,suggestion (in the principal clause)

My suggestion is that as soon as the rain lets up we should go along there and see what we can do

Same rules as in Appositive clause

Should + inf. (in the subordinate clause)

Conj. "that"

The idea that he thought himself anything but intelligent was absurd

Should + inf. (in the sub. clause) arter nouns expressing order,suggestion,wish,decision and agreement

He told me of his desire that all should be happy as long as it involved no inconvenience to himself

exclamatory

Reference to the future

Would + inf./ could + inf.

If it would only stop raining for a single day!

Reference to the past

Past Perfect form

Reference to the present

Oh, if only he had given me a chance!

Past ind. form (V2/were)

Oh, if only Daddy were home!

Past PErfect (preceeds)

I wish he had stayed at home

Past Simple (simult.)

I wished he were with us

traditional use

If only...

(to future) Would+ inf.

(to past) Past Perfect

Reference to the present Past Simple (more dramatic)

Subjunctive mood

Includes such expressions:

As it were...

Long live the King!

Be ours a happy meeting!

"Suffice/far be it" expressions

Far be it from me to contradict you

Would + inf. after "luck phrases"

Luck would have it (по счастл. стечению обст.)

As luck would have it, I was invited for that night

Certain imprecations + folk sayings

Manners be changed (к черту хорошие манеры)

Expressing of concession

Expressing a wish

expressing the highest degree of politeness

Were form

"As it were" phrase

Her portrait had been,as it were,stamped on his heart

free use

Other modal verbs

Set phrases: had better, would sooner, should like

he'd rather they left him alone

But for you/your (help)

Can/may

Would + V

Past cond. mood (to past)

20 years ago I would have strongly disapproved of you

Presen. condit. mood (refers to pres. or fut.)

I wouldn't do it