Knowledge, Truth, and Belief

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Schema Theory

Jessica van den Brinkにより

chapter 2: system unit: processing and memory.

Maad Maadにより

The Rocking Horse Winner

Anissa Contentoにより

the power of social media

bashi mashiにより

Knowledge, Truth, and Belief

Coherence

Problems with the theory

Relies on our perceptions of reality to be accurate, something which is incredibly arguable

Even though many people have aligning beliefs, this does not mean that these beliefs are reliably true

In many ways resembles bandwagon fallacies

Climate Change Responsibility

Valid beliefs, but who had this thought in the first place?

In reality, only around 90 companies contribute the most to carbon emissions and global warming

Pushes to reduce littering and to recycle more are used as ways to put responsibility on consumers

Many people hold their responsibility for climate change as true

This belief supplants the focus on industry contributions to the climate crisis. Although it's important to practice mindfulness when it comes to our environmental impact, the blame should be on companies more so than individuals.

Corporations forced responsibility onto consumers to shift focus off of themselves

Many people believe that individuals should hold responsibility for their impacts on global warming and the climate

Recycle more often

Much of what we recycle is left in landfill due to companies having little use for the materials.

Recycling comes after Reducing and Reusing

Use more renewable products

eat less meat

Use less gas

The "Mandela Effect" AKA False Memory

Questions the reliability of our supposed knowledge

Widely believed by many people

"Berenstein Bears" vs. "Berenstain Bears"

Many people remember the popular book series as being called the "Berenstein Bears" when this was never the case.

Although this spelling is incorrect, enough people believe it to have been true for it to become common knowledge

Many People agree on a certain spelling of the name

Nelson Mandela was widely thought thought to be dead when he was not

Shows how unreliable both our memories and knowledge can be.

How do false accounts become common knowledge?

Related to misinformation and general ignorance

Widespread False Memories

Pragmatism

"Practice Makes Perfect"

Through interaction with the world, it's easy to conclude that practice does indeed makes perfect. I am an artist and it can be frustrating to hear the unfounded belief when people say they can't draw. Anyone can draw, except not a lot of people put in the effort to develop their skills.

I started out as a very mediocre artist who merely dabbled. It's taken me 6 years to get to where I am now.

Because, in relation to other things, talent doesn't actually seem to matter it cannot be verifiably true. Practice, on the other hand, shows real results and is consistent enough to be held as true.

I believe practice to be more important than talent because of my interactions in the world and how they have informed my approach to my art

What is talent? it can be said to be a natural ability in any craft or practice; however, "talented" people still have to develop skill. Any talent left unpracticed will deteriorate.

Many people believe that you have to have talent in order to succeed in specific areas. From a pragmatic perspective, this is untrue.

Power of Prayer

Despite the evidence, there is still the factor of coincidence.

Differing views on the evidence is discredited because it doesn't align with a person's experiences or personal beliefs.

By attaching ourselves to our beliefs, our capacity for knowledge is limited.

Interactions with the world supposedly justify these beliefs; however, they come from a somewhat biased worldview

Just because something happens directly after an event doesn't mean it was caused by it

People who already believe in prayer are reinforced by this real life evidence. This evidence also effects some non-believers

Heavily affected worldview based on the evidence

Reinforced Belief in heaven/hell

Reinforced belief in supreme being

Some minor studies have shown prayer to be effective in healing patients; however, this can be attributed to things like the placebo effect.

A pragmatic view of prayer relies on whether or not it actually works in practice

Correspondence

Death

Accurately corresponds with the world; therefore, we can conclude the fact that "all things will die" is true

The fact that death will come scares many people. So we form beliefs about what happens after it or ways to counteract it.

Fountain of youth

Alchemical studies to find the elixir of life

Concept of the "Philosopher's Stone"

Reincarnation

Belief in Heaven/hell

Historically, there have not been any verifiably immortal persons

Death is a consistently observed pattern in the world. All things known to be living will, eventually, die.

Natural Patterns, e.g the sun rising in the morning

We have prior knowledge that the sun rises daily

We can conclude that the sun will rise every morning. This is something we can for sure know.

Except no, the sun doesn't always rise in the morning

Knowledge is informed by our environment and the way we interact with it.

Those who live in these regions would not say that the sun always rising is true

Depending on your location, the sun may not rise for more than 24 hours, known as a "polar night"

The sun appears in the sky every morning consistently