Demonstrative determiners in English are used to specify or designate people, animals, or objects based on their distance from the speaker. The terms "this" and "these" are employed for elements that are close to the speaker, with "
EX. Those toys are dirty.
Esos juguetes están sucios.
(Esos/as, aquellos/as)
It is used when we talk about more than one element that is at a certain distance from the speaker.
THESE
EX. These shoes are old.
Estos zapatos son viejos.
(Estos/as)
It is used when we talk about more than one element that is a short distance from the speaker.
The demonstrative determiners in English do not distinguish between gender (masculine / feminine) but number (singular / plural).
THAT
EX. That boy is my cousin.
Aquel chico es mi primo.
(Eso/e/a, aquel, aquello/a)
It is used when we talk about a single element that is at a certain distance from the speaker.
THIS
EX. This vase is very expensive.
Este jarrón es muy caro.
(Esto/e/a)
It is used when we talk about a single element that is a short distance from the speaker.
Demonstrative determiners are mostly used to specify or designate people, animals or things based on their proximity or remoteness taking into account the speaker's position
