Abortion

the spontaneous or provoked termination of a pregnancy before the twentieth week

two different types of abortions

Spontaneous Abortion

the natural termination of a pregnancy, the body expels pregnancy itself without the help of medicines or surgical interventions

different etiological factors

Fetal or chromosomal factors

an abnormal development of zygote

different abnormalities

Aneuploid abortion

error in maternal gametogenesis and 5% of paternal gametogenesis. Less than 10% was error in fertilization and zygotic division

Autosomal trisomy

Isolated translocation or inversion of the arm of a chromosome, being more common in 13, 16, 18, 21 and 22

Monosomy X (45X)

most common chromosomal abnormality compatible with life (Turner syndrome)

Triploidy

Hydropic degeneration of the placenta

Euploid abortion

isolated mutation or polygenic factor, several maternal factors and possibly some paternal

Maternal factors

physical diseases

Infections

Chronic diseases such as tuberculosis and arterial hypertension

Endocrine diseases such as hypothyroidism and DM

Severe malnutrition

Environmental factors

smoking and alcoholism

Radiation

Immunological factors

Uterine alterations

Traumatic

Paternal factors

The chromosomal translocation in the sperm can allow a zygote with an increase or decrease in the genetic material

5 types

Threatened abortion

menstrual cramp pain that usually radiates lumbosacral region associated with scarce genital bleeding

of 50% of the cases towards aborted abortion, incomplete abortion, or complete abortion.

Abortion in progress

Pelvic pain that increases in intensity and genital bleeding is greater

Abortion withheld

The embryo or fetus dies or is detached and is retained in utero and there is no expulsion of ovular remains.

Incomplete abortion

Partial expulsion of embryonic or trophoblastic remains

bleeding that can be profuse

Complete abortion

Total expulsion of the embryo or fetus and the ovular membranes; pain disappears and genital bleeding decreases

Induced abortion

the interruption of a pregnancy caused intentionally, either by medication, or by mechanical intervention

in some countries legal if the pregnancy puts at risk the life of the mother, if the fetus has serious and irreversible congenital malformations or pregnancies for forced sexual intercourse or all legal abortions.

two types

Psychosocial abortion

the one performed for personal, family, economic, social reasons

Eugenic abortion

there is an important risk or probability that the fetus is affected by anomalies or congenital malformations

Different procedures such as suction or aspiration, dilatation and evacuation or prostaglandins

Putting women's lives at risk

Infection, cervix trauma, hemorrhage, uterine perforation, cardiac arrest or cerebral embolism