CARDIOPULMONARY
ANATOMY

EMBRYOLOGY

Embryonic 3-6 weeks

It originates from the mesoderm

development of large airways

Day 33

the division occurs in two branches
Main and lung buds

Day 37

The
lobar bronchi begin their training

Pseudoglandular 7-17 weeks

Occurrence of pulmonary circulation

Development of the bronchial tree to level
terminal bronchioles

vascular growth

Canalicular 17-27 weeks

Forming acini

Growth of the capillary bed

epithelial differentiation

It appears surfactant

Saccular 28-35 weeks

Formation of the transitional airspace

Training saccules

Alveolar 36 weeks and finished

Development of secondary septa

alveoli formation

Microvascular maturation 0-3 years

Interdental wall thinning

fusion of a unique capillary bilayer

Active hyperplasia 0-3 years

Increases the number of alveoli

Hypertrophy 3-8 years

Increased cell size

STRUCTURES

NASAL CAVITY

FUNCTION

condition the air to be received by the other areas of the respiratory tract

PHARYNX

FUNCTION

It directs the passage of air and food between the mouth and nose into esophagus and larynx

EPIGLOTTIS

FUNCTION

also protects the body from choking on food that would normally obstruct the airway.

TRACHEA

FUNCTION

begins just under the larynx

uns down behind the breastbone

CARINA'S
TRACHEA

FUNCTION

the site of the tracheal bifurcation at the lower end of the trachea

LUNGS

RIGHT

THREE LOBES

SUPERIOR

MIDDLE

INFERIOR

LEFT

TWO LOBES

SUPERIOR

INFERIOR

FUNCTION

distributed to tissues all over the body and expel carbon dioxid

MAIN BRONCHI

LOBAR
BRONCHUS

RIGHT

RIGHT SUPERIOR

RIGHT MIDDLE

RIGHT INFERIOR

LEFT

LEFT SUPERIOR

LEFT INFERIOR

FUNCTION

When someone takes a breath through their nose or mouth, the air travels into the larynx

ALVEOLI

FUNCTION

Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes

DIAPHRAGM

FUNCTION

is the main respiratory muscle that allows us to inhale and exhale

FUNCTION

Inhalation and Exhalation Are Pulmonary Ventilation—That’s Breathing

External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the Bloodstream

Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Bloodstream and Body Tissues

Air Vibrating the Vocal Cords Creates Sound

Olfaction, or Smelling, Is a Chemical Sensation

EMBRYOLOGY

Week 3

Day 20

There cardiogenic plate

Day 21

Endocardial tubes appear

Week 4

Day 22

Fusion endocardial tubes

Day 23

Only half a heart tube

first contraction

Day 25

cardiogenic loop is formed

Day 26

single atrium

Week 5

Day 29

Lobed atrium

Day 30

circulation starts

Day 31

septum primum

Day 35

Atrioventricular orifice

three-chambered heart

Week 6

Day 36

Septum secundum

Day 39

full bottom wall

Day 40

formation bulb-ventricular septum

Day 42

Division of truncus arteriosus

Week 7

Day 49

Four-chambered heart

absorption pulmonary veins

Week 8

Day 50

aorta - pulmonary trunk are already separated

STRUCTURES

HEART

FUNCTION

It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it into the various arteries

STRUCTURES

PERICARDIUM

FUNCTION

Sets heart in mediastinum and limits its motion

Protects it from infections coming from other organs

Prevents excessive dilation of the heart in cases of acute volume overload

Lubricates the heart

FOUR CHAMBERS

RIGHT ATRIUM

FUNCTION

which function as receiving chambers for blood entering the heart

LEFT ATRIUM

FUNCTION

It plays the vital role of receiving blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins and pumping it to the left ventricle.

RIGHT VENTRICLE

FUNCTION

is the chamber within the heart that is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs.

LEFT VENTRICLE

FUNCTION

Pumps oxygenated blood from lungs to body

BLOOD

FUNCTION

Transportation

Regulation

Protection

STRUCTURES

FORMED ELEMENTS

PLASMA

FUNCTION

transport nutrients throughout the body

ERYTHROCYTES

FUNCTION

transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

LEUKOCYTES

FUNCTION

are actively engaged in the destruction or neutralization of invading microorganisms

PLATELETS

FUNCTION

are pushed out from the center of flowing blood to the wall of the blood vessel

BLOOD
VESSELS

FUNCTION

Transport

Gases (O2 and CO2)

Nutrients

Hormones

Protection

Regulation

PH

Water balance

STRUCTURES

ARTERY

FUNCTION

vessels that carry blood oxygenateda way from the heart

COMPONENTS

ARTERY

ARTERIOLES

CAPILLARIES

VEINS

FUNCTION

serve to return blood from organs to the heart

COMPONENTS

VEINS

VENULES

LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM

FUNCTION

removal of interstitial fluid from tissues.

It absorbs and transports fatty acids

transports white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes

STRUCTURES

LYMPH

FUNCTION

transports oxygen, food materials, hormones

THYMUS

FUNCTION

hematopoietic precursors from the bone-marrow

SPLEEN

FUNCTION

it controls the amount of red blood cells and blood storage in the body

LYMPH
NODES

FUNCTION

filter lymph fluid before returning it to the blood

FUNCTION

To transport

nutrients, gases and waste products around the body

To protect

the body from infection and blood loss

To help the body maintain a constant body temperature

To help maintain fluid balance within the body