BAROQUE/17th CENTUARY

MERCANTILISM

Economic policy in which the wealth is measured by the gold and silver.

They reduced the import

Exports increased

They focused on production

GOLDEN CENTUARY

Second half of the 16th and most of 17th centuary

The Novel

Miguel de Cervantes (El Quijote)

Francisco de Quevedo

Poetry

Luis de Góngora (Culteranismo)

Francisco de Quevedo (Conceptismo)

Theatre

It became very popular in all social classes

Lope de Vega (Fuenteovejuna)

Calderon de la Barca (Life is a Dream)

Tirso de Molina (The Trickster of Seville)

EXPLANIN

The trading countries, prospered

The agricultural countries, did not prosper

Divided into 2 groups

Privileged

Nobilty

Clergy

Non Privileged

Bourgeoisie

Urban population

Peasant

Beggars

DIFFERENCES (ABSOLUTISM AND PARLIAMENTARISM)

In the absolute there was no parliament, in the parliamentary there was

Absolute, the king had all power, in the parliamentary, not

WARS

THIRTY YEARS WAR (1618-1648)

Four stages

Protestant revoult in Bohemia (1618-23)

They rebelled to proclaim Frederick V king (Protestants)

Fernando II won and took away their privileges

Danish intervention (1625-29)

Denmark was defeated, signed the PEACE OF LÜBECK

Swedish intervention (1630-35)

Gustavus Adolf II fought against the emperor (They won)

French intervention (1635-48)

France strengthened the Protestant side

His victory ended Spanish military supremacy

Among Europeans

The peace of Westphalia

France replaced Spain as the dominant european power

Sweden became the dominant state in Baltic

United provinces independence from Spanish Empire

WAR OF SUCCESSION

Between Felipe and Carlos

Felipe was defending by Castilla and france

Felipe V won and was proclaimed king in 1705

Signed the Treaty of Rastatt

Carlos was defending by "Grand alliance"

Charles IV proclaimed himself Emperor of Austria

Other countries worried about their possible alliance

AUSTRIAS

There were three kings during this period

Felipe III (1598-1621)

Economic problems due to the spending of the nobility

Signing of the peace treaty with England

Expulsion of the Moriscos from the peninsula

Felive IV (1621-1665)

The economic crisis worsened

"The union of arms" was established (centralizing reform)

They signed the treaty of the Pyrenees

Carlos II (1665-1700)

Improves the economic situation

Territories are lost because of France

He was sterile, so he could not have heirs

PERSONS

Cervantes (1547-1616)

He wrote the first good novel in spanish

Ridicules the contradictions of society

Combines both high and popular culture

Velázquez (1599-1660)

One of the most important painters

Light and Colours

Chiaroscuro and Aerial Perspective

His talent was the portraits

CHARACTERISTICS

ADVANCES

Philosophy

Rationalism

You can only understand reality through reason.

Rene Descartez

Baruch Spinoza

Empiricism

Experience and perception were the most important

John Locke

David Hume

Science

Mathematics

Descartes

Gottfried Leibniz

Astronomy

Galileo Galilei

Johannes Kepler

Physic

Issac Newton

Evangelista Torricelli

Medicine

William Harvey

Architecture

USES

They used the Baroque to incite strong emotions (Church)

To project their power (Monarchs)

Curved Features

Fragmented Features

Open Spaces

Decorative Features

Painting and Sculpture

Chiaroscuro (Contrast of light and shadow)

Naturalism

Expresiveness

Diagonal lines

Theatricality