Macromolecules and
other things inside cells

Can exist in different states of matter

Connected by hydrogen bonds

Chemical Formula: H2O

Hydrogen ions

Oxygen Ions

Single Cellular Organism

Can have flagellum or cilia

Ex. Bacteria

Do not have a membrane bound nucleus

May contain extra DNA in plasmids

Cell Wall

Organelles different from Animal cell include:

Choloroplasts

Granum

Thylakoid

Stroma

Double Membrane

Cell Wall

Cell Signaling through membranes

Sends out signals to other cells to make proteins amongst other thngs

Separated by different junctions

Transport proteins

Contains the same DNA of all of the other cells

Cell Division

Mitosis

Forms two diploid cells

Makes somatic cells

Meiosis

Forms four haploid cells

Makes gametes

Organelles

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nucelus

Golgi Apparatus

Vacuoles

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cells

provides energy for the cell for processes

contains own DNA

Ribosomes

Protein Synthesis

Extracellular matrix

Subtopic

Phosphlipid Bilayer

Hydrophillic (water loving) head

Hydrophobic (water repelling) tails

Stands for: Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Made of nucleotides joined together by hydrogen bonds

Nucleotides include Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine

Can be seen in the form of Chromosomes

Nucleosomes and histones are responsible for giving chromosomes their curly shape; they increase the surface area

Replication

Mitosis

DNA to DNA

Needs certain polymerases, an origin of replicaton, replication fork, etc.

Translation

mRNA to protein

Produces Proteins

A set of 3 codons codes for one protein

Codon table. More than one codon sequences can make the same protein

Transcription

DNA to mRNA