Why organizations change
org. learning perspective
org + human are complex, evolving,and cannot be reduced to single, lineair,objective of max. shareholder value
mimetic isomorphism
pressures
formal coercive
informal coercive
geopolitical
technological
greater economic integration
maturation and slowdown
fall of socialist countries
market decline
hypercompetition
reputation and creditibility
org learning vs threat rigidity
env as objective vs. env as cognitive
type 1 error
type 2 error
forces for change vs forces for stability
bridging (adapting) vs buffering (shielding)
bridging
keep org effective
buffering
keep org efficient
Org pressures for change
growth
integration and collaboration
identity
new broom
power and political