Hydrocarbon derivatives

Alcohols

Functional Group

Hydroxyl
(R-OH)

Nomlecature

IUPAC

CH3-CH2-OH
ethanol

CH3-CH-CH3
|
OH
2-propanol

Ethers

Functional Group

R-O-R

Nomeclature

IUPAC

CH3-O-CH2-CH3
ethyl methyl ether

. CH3
|
H3C-C-O-CH3
|
CH3
Tertbutyl methyl ether

Aldehydes and ketones

Functional Group

Carbonyl
(R-C=O)

Nomeclature

IUPAC

CH2=O
Methanal
Formaldehyde

CH3-CH-CH3
||
O
Propanone
Dimethyl ketone

Carboxylic acids

Functional Group

Carboxyl
(R-C=O, R-COOH, R-CO2H)
|
OH

Nomeclature

IUPAC

CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH
Butanoic acid

CH3(CH2)8COOH
Decanoic acid

Common name

CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH
Butyric acid

CH3(CH2)8COOH
Capric acid

Esters

Functional Group

Combination of carboxyl and hydroxyl
(R-COO-R, R-C-O-R)
||
O

Nomeclature

IUPAC

CH3-COO-(CH2)7-CH3
Octyl acetate

CH3-CH2-CH2-COO-CH2-CH3
Ethyl butyrate

Amines

Functional Group

R-N-H, R-N-R', R-N-R'
| | |
H H R''

Nomeclature

IUPAC

CH3-NH-CH3
Dimethylamine

CH3-CH2-NH-CH3
Ethylmethylamine

Amides

Functional Group

Amino group (-NH2) replaces -OH
(R-C-NH2, R-CO-NH3)
|
O

Nomeclature

CH3-CH2-CH2-CO-NH2
Butanoamide

CH3-CH2-CO-NH2
Propionamide

Functional Group

Monohalogenated
(R-X where R represents the hydrocarbon chain and X any of the halogens)

Nomeclature

IUPAC

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3-Br
BUtyl bromide

CH2-CH-CH2
| | |
Cl Cl Br
3-bromo-1,2-dichloropropane

Common

CH3-Cl
Methyl chloride

CHCl3
Chloroform