Matter and Materials

Matter

4 Types

SOLIDS

Example

Ice

Properties

Fixed shape

Small spaces

Definite shape

LIQUIDS

Properties

Can flow

No fixed shape

Takes the shape of
the container it is in

Example

Water

GAS

Properties

Can flow

Takes up the
space available

Have no
definite shape

Example

Steam

PLASMA

Example

Neon lights

Properties

No definite shape

No definite volume

Electrically
conducted

Everything around us
is made up of matter

Physical Properties

Metals

Properties

Durable

Shiny surface

Mallaeble

Good conductors
of heat/electricity

Ductile

Corrosive

Rusting

Metal + O2 + H2O = Rust = Brittle

Examples

Iron

When you add two metals together
you are crating a material with more favourable properties

Non-metals

Properties

Dull / lack lustre

Brittle / break easily

Neak

Poor conductors
of heat/electricity

Soft

Examples

Sulphur

Materials

Processed

Properties

Materials that have not been
processed are called raw materials

Raw materials are made
into other things

Processed materials

Refined

Built by humans

Examples

Paper

Steel

Glass

Natural materials

When a raw material is found
in the form it is in nature

Examples

Honey

Crude oil

Metal from a mine

Uses

Materials can be used for
many different uses depending
on their properties

Examples

Rain jacket

A waterproof coat to keep us dry

Paint

Changes the colour
of an object

Joining two or more
matters together

Occupies space

Possesses rest mass

Processing

Combing materials to
create new materials

New materials often have
different properties to the
original material

Example

Baking a cake: flour, eggs and cocoa
do not taste very good on their own but
as a final product the cake is delicious

Types of processes

Mixing and Setting

Allow your mixture to
set before use

Examples

Jelly

Mix jelly powder, hot water
and cold water together. Allow to
set in the fridge.

Concrete

Mix cement, sand and water. Once
set the wet concrete becomes hard.

Mixing and cooking

Cooking is a form
of processing

Mix different materials
together

Remove heat

Keep at room temperature

Add heat

Why do we process?

Strength

Durable

Waterproof

Appearance