Expectations within society

Language at Work

There are expectations in
terms of job roles and responsibilities.

Linked to Language In Interaction.
Expected performances to be executed in certain interactions.

A certain formality to reflect what a company may want to display. In terms of emails or work-related talk.

Linked to Sociolinguistics.
Apart of a 'community of practice'.

Multilingualism

The idea that people can be
linguistically lazy when going abroad.
Some people expect other countries to
understand English rather than trying to speak the native language.

Linked to Language In Interaction.
When assumptions do not match it can lead to ineffective interactions.

Sociolinguistics

Looking at belonging to groups
and the need to fit in

Expectations of identity

Linked to Language and Identity

Linked to Gender and Sexuality

Language In Interaction

Within interaction, there are expectations
which exist by both individuals. There is often a shared understanding of context or mutual assumption which allow humans to be able to engage in interaction. This is what Clark (1996) describes as 'common ground'.

This can link to Language at work
where there are expectations in terms of work roles. In interaction, there are expectations which are preassumed which enable for interaction to effectively occur. For example, shop assistant and customer.

Language and Identities

Expectation of identities.
How you must look, act and behave.

Links in with Gender and Sexuality

Links to Analysing Media Text
The media displays expectations of appearance of gender and other areas throughout.

Language, Gender and Sexuality

Gender expectations and gender roles

Linked to Analysing Media Text

Language and Society

Within the study of society,
it looks at how humans are apart of groups and act out in linguist way because of this.

This links to sociolinguistics where we
looked at how humans integrate within groups such as 'communities of practice'.

Can be related to gender roles
as well as ideas of identity

Grammar

There is an expectation in terms of education to learn how language works. This could be considered rigid in terms of 'prescriptivism' where linguists believe language is a fixed form and should not be changed or adapted.

This idea can be linked to phonetics

Analysing Media Texts

The media acts as a form which displays
expectations of appearance as well as behavioural aspects linked to gender

Linked to Gender and Sexuality

Linked to Identity

Child Language Acquisition

Children are expected to learn the English Language at an early age.

Links to Speech and Language Therapy

Expectation to learn Grammar
and Phonetics

Speech and Language Pathology

There is an expected criterion for what is considered optimal for linguistic performance. Therapy is a way of helping those who can not meet the expectation to achieve them.

Links to Child Language Acquisition

Semantics and Pragmatics

Meanings expected to be
understood.

Linked to Language In Interaction
and common ground mis-match.

Phonetics

There is an expectation to learn
these sounds of our language

This links to Child Language Acquisition. The pressure and the
expectation for children to learn these phonemes at an early age.

Links to Speech and Language Pathology. Failure to be able to produce some sounds
may lead to speech and language intervention to help align the issues.