The New Penology

Punishment as a Social Response to Crime

These may reflect political and ideological principles

Public Fear of Crime

And their Apparent Desire of Tough Sentences- what is the impact of this in terms of Penal Policy?

Political Issues

Difficulties stem from the political need for the public acceptance of policies and practices as public opinion is a crucial element.

Cost of Punishment

Issues of cost have led to ill thought out policies and knee jerk responses to crime in the form of alternatives to custody.

Penology

Crime control policy in England and Wales of late has been tumultuous evidenced in the Halliday Report and the Criminal Justice Act, 2003

Media Imagery

The preoccupation with media imagery has led to support for harsh, symbolic policies illustrated in the White Paper: The people are sick and tired of a sentencing system that does not make sense’ (Home Office, 2002:86).

Developments in Penology

Ill considered but attention grabbing tough on crime proposals

Actuarial Justice

This represents a 'sea-change' in crime management, crime opportunities and risk distribution rather than the management of individual offenders.

Purpose

The goal of the new penology is not to eliminate crime but instead to make it tolerable (Feeley and Simon, 1992).

Focus

Uses technology and statistical calculations to enhance the risk management of high risk offenders

Impact

The approach has been described by Feeley and Simon (1992) as the ‘New Penology’.

Validity

With the death of the reformative ideal, regulation and containment of the ‘dangerous classes’ has come to the front.

Alternative Approach to Penology

Rehabilitation

Constructive CJS

Treatment as opposed to management of crime

Actor as opposed to action orientated

Attempts to bring about a beneficial change to the i ndividual/society

Utilitarian as opposed to retributive practices

Deconstructive CJS

Definition of Punishment

Provide an official/unofficial definition

Expressive Function Of Punishment

What message are we trying to send on a specific/general level when we seek to pnuish

Defining Features of Punishment

Condemnation and censure

How and Why to Punish?

These are just a few of the many questions surrounding the social institution that is punishment

Aims:

What is the question asking?

Objectives

How might you answer the question?

Context

In what context does the question relate to?

Content

What/Which research, studies, philosophies, theories, evidence have you analysed, evaluated, explored, discussed in an attempt to answer the question.

Reasoning

What was the reasoning behind these choices?

Recap

Aim

Objective

Main points of analysis

Main points of evaluation