Presocratics

Parmenides

540 B.C.- 470 B.C

Was born in Elea

He was philosoopher, legislator and a doctor

The being

whatever is is, and what is not cannot be

Eternal

It can not be genertaed

As it can not come from the not being

It can not be destroyed

Because it can not turn into the not being

Unique

As it can not be separated by something, as all the things are,
and separation includes that you are separated by something different to the being

Stilll

It can not move, as there isn't anything outside the being were it can move

It can not change as that would implique that it would pass from being to the not being

Senses

Senses only lead us to doxa

True can only be reached by racional thougth

On Nature

Proem

Way of truth

Way of senses

Zenón and Meliseo

Zenon

490 B.C.- 420 B.C.

He was born in Elea

Parmenides' disciple

Monistic

Cosmos is an only unit

Movement is only an ilusion

Achilles and the turtle's
paradox

Meliseo

470 B.C.- 430 B.C.

Was born in Samos

Stateman and naval commander

The being

Infinite

Without beginning or end

Is a unit

Homogenous

Still

Empedocles

495 B.C. - 435 B.C.

Was born in Agrigento

First pluralist

The arches join in a espharios, so it can be also considered as monism

Arche was the sphairos

Sphairos is made of

Fire

Air

Water

Ground

Love joins and discord separates

Inexistence of the non-being and immunity of the being

Soul is a divine spiritu that is imprisoned in bodies for punishment of discord

Anaxagoras

500 B.C. - 428 B.C.

Born in Clazomenas

Homeomers

Tiny particles

Invisibles

Eternal

Arche

Nous

Whirlwinds that order homeomers

It penetrate animated things

Mixture and disgregation

Mixture is birth

Disgregation is death

Democrito and Leucipo

Democrito

460 B.C.- 370.C.

Born in Abdera

Subtopic

Leucipo

He lived in V Century

Born in Mileto/Abdera

Subtopic

They are the philosophers that existed since Tales
to the last philosophers that were not influenced by
Socrates

Tales de Mileto

624 B.C- 546 B.C.

Born in Mileto

Philosopher, mathematic, astronomy, geometry, pfisic and lesgislatos

Thanks to him, occidental philosophy was born

He predicted an eclipse

He made Tale's theorem

He thought that all the things had life

Arche: water

He thought that the Earth was floating on the water

Found Mileto's school

Two of his discipules were

Anaximandro

Anaximeres

Anaximandro

610 B.C- 546 B.C.

Born in Mileto

He studied in Mileto's school

He was disciple of Tales

Arche: Apeiron

Indefinied

Unlimited

He thought that cosmos and the universe were
born and died in apeiron

He thought that humans come from fish

COSMOLOGY

He thought that Earth had a drum form

METEOROLOGY

Clouds were formed by evaporated water

Earthquakes ocurred because of droughts or because of
lots of rain

Thunders and lightings were formed by the wind that cut
the clouds

Hail was formed when wind solidificates

METAPHYSIC

Subtopic

HIS BOOK

Subtopic

Anaxímenes

585 B.C.-528 B.C.

Born in Mileto

Participated in Mileto's school

Arche= Air

We need air to live

Air's condensation forms clouds

Cloud's condesation form water

Water's condensation form ground

Ground's condensation form rocks

Air's rarefaction forms fire

Earth was flat

Pitagoras

569 B.C.-475 B.C.

Born in Samos

Was captured in Egypt

Arche= numbers

They are entities and have their own existence

Numbers are reflected in geometric figures that forms bodies

Pythagoreanism

Strict life

The stucture of the universe
was arithmetic and geometry

Explain the universe with maths

Geocentric theory

Earth was the centre of the universe

Became a religious sect

They pretended to expand and they
had influence in the politics

Goverment eliminated the sect by
killing all their members

Heraclito

540 B.C.-470 B.C.

Was born in Efeso

He was against democracy

On Nature

Perpetous movement

The engine of perpetous movement was the opposition
of opposites

That kept the stability of cosmos

No man ever steps in the same river twice,
for it's not the same river and he's not the same man

Heraclito thought that fire was the best simbol of
perpetous change and the fight of opposites

Because fire is only kept consuming and destroying