undesired output of a system
also the mechanisms
tasks that the system performs
desired task
side effect
what is it
side effect
desired task
side effect
desired task
desired task
desired task
desired task
desired task
made up of
e.g.
made up of
e.g.
like the cpu of the human body
made up of
e.g.
the parts of a system
both the turning wheel from the can opener and the skull from the human skeleton are classified as subsystems because they help the system function
helps system perform task/smaller systems within a system

Systems in Action

Types of Systems

Natural Social Systems

human body

different biological subsystems

skeletal system

skeletal system

supports body form

supports and protects vital organs

muscular system

muscular system

controls heartbeat

allows movement

nervous system

nervous system

controls the body

Human Made Physical Systems

the internet

the internet

different types of hardware

modems

modems

ethernet cables

ethernet cables

servers

servers

Human Made Social Systems

orchestra

different instruments (and the players)

percussion instruments

percussion instruments

string instruments

string instruments

woodwind instruments

woodwind instruments

Systems Evolve

evolution of the telephone

Examining Physical Systems

human skeletal system

components

appendicular skeleton

appendicular skeleton

subsystems

arm bone

arm bone

help arms withstand stress during exercise and other various activities

shoulder girdle

shoulder girdle

allows the shoulder a large range of motion, and acts as an anchor to

pelvic girdle

pelvic girdle

to support body weight and hold leg bones in place

leg bones

leg bones

to allow us to perform crucial functions such as moving, standing and performing other various activities

axial skeleton

axial skeleton

subsystems

ribcage

ribcage

shields heart and lungs while providing structural stability to upper body

trauma to the chest can cause ribs to break, which in turn causes sharp pains to inner organs

trauma to the chest can cause ribs to break, which in turn causes sharp pains to inner organs

vertebrae

vertebrae

protects spinal cord and supports and allows movement to body

vertebrae can develop osteoporosis because of malnutrition and other reasons

(osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that weakens the vertebrae)

(osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that weakens the vertebrae)

skull

skull

severe trauma to this subsystem can cause a skull fracture

severe trauma to this subsystem can cause a skull fracture

to protect brain and support facial structure

System Components

Output

e.g. can opener opening a can

e.g. can opener opening a can

Input

Subsystems

helps system perform task/smaller systems within a system

helps system perform task/smaller systems within a system

System Side Effects

e.g. cars causing pollution

e.g. cars causing pollution

severe trauma to any of these subsystems are categorized as "side effects" since they result in undesirable outcomes