TENSES
PAST
PAST SIMPLE
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. +
INF. VB & ED
. + COMPLEMENTS
2º C
-
SUBJ. + DIDN'T + INF. + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
DID + SUBJ. + INF. + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
ACTIONS WHICH STARTED AND FINISHED IN THE PAST
KEY WORDS
YESTERDAY
LAST (WEEK, MONTH, TUESDAY)
(2 DAYS...) AGO
FOR (9 MONTHS, 3 WEEKS...)
+ WHEN
EXAMPLES
I worked as a doctor for 35 years.
You didn't travel to New York last month.
Did she pass the exam?
PAST CONTINUOUS
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. + WAS / WERE + INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + WASN'T / WEREN'T + INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
WAS / WERE + SUBJ. + INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
A CONTINUOUS ACTION INTERRUPTED BY A PAST SIMPLE
AN ACTION DURING A PERIOD OF TIME IN THE PAST
KEY WORDS
SIMILAR TO PAST SIMPLE
+ WHILE
EXAMPLES
I was studying yesterday at 6 o'clock.
She wasn´t watching TV on saturday.
Were you driving when I saw you?
PRESENT PERFECT
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. + HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + HAVEN'T / HASN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
HAVE / HAS + SUBJ. + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
AN ACTION IN THE PAST WHICH CONTINUES AND HAS CONSEQUENCES IN THE PRESENT
KEY WORDS
JUST / ALREADY / YET / EVER / NEVER / FOR / SINCE
EXAMPLES
She has done her homework.
I haven't finished yet.
Have you arrived to the station?
PAST PERFECT
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + HADN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
HAD + SUBJ. + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
AN ACTION WHICH STARTS AND FINISHES IN A DISTANT PAST (BEFORE PAST SIMPLE).
KEY WORDS
BEFORE / IN 1978 / ONCE...
FOR / SINCE
EXAMPLES
I had studied German before I went to Germany.
She hadn't seen him before that party.
Had they lived in Italy before they moved to England?
PRESENT
PRESENT SIMPLE
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. + AFFIRMATIVE PRESENT FORM (+S, in 3rd person singular) + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + DON'T / DOESN'T + INF. + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
DO / DOES + SUBJ. + INF. + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
FREQUENCY (ACTIONS)
TIMETABLES
DESCRIPTIONS / STATEMENTS
KEY WORDS
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY: ALWAYS / USUALLY & NORMALLY / OFTEN / SOMETIMES / RARELY & HARDLY EVER / NEVER
EVERY
DAY
TUESDAY
OCTOBER
ON... (TUESDAYS)
ONCE / TWICE (A YEAR, A MONTH, A WEEK...)
ONCE IN A BLUE MOON...
EXAMPLES
I have English classes on Mondays.
Jesse doesn´t swim in winter.
Do I need to study the lesson?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ.+ AFFIRMATIVE PRESENT FORM OF VB "TO BE" + INF. & ING. + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + NEGATIVE PRESENT FORM OF VB "TO BE"+ INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
PRESENT FORM OF VB "TO BE" + SUBJ. + INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
NOW / AT THE MOMENT
TEMPORARY SITUATIONS
KEY WORDS
NOW / AT THE MOMENT / AT PRESENT
ALWAYS (-) (When you are tired of something)
EXAMPLES
My friend Sarah is learning German.
David isn´t working today.
Are you training hard?
FUTURE
WILL/WON'T & SHALL
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. + WILL + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + WON'T + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
WILL / WON'T + SUBJ. + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS
OFFERS OR AGREES / REFUSING TOO
PROMISES
ASKING QUESTIONS
KEY WORDS
I THINK
IF
SOME VERBS... (BELIEVE, PROMISE, HOPE, EXPECT, SUPPOSE, THINK, WONDER, WORRY...)
EXAMPLES
I' ll help you carry that box.
I won't tell that anyone.
Will you be quiet?
SHALL
WE USE "SHALL" IN OFFERS AND REQUESTS
JUST IN INTERROGATIVE
FORMS: SHALL I... ? / SHALL WE... ?
Shall I open the window? / Where shall we go this evening?
BE GOING TO
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. + AFFIRMATIVE PRESENT FORM OF THE VERB "TO BE" + GOING TO + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + NEGATIVE PRESENT FORM OF THE VERB "TO BE" + GOING TO + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
PRESENT FORM OF THE VERB "TO BE" + SUBJ. + GOING TO + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
I HAVE ALREADY DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING, I INTEND TO DO IT
SOMETHING BASED ON PRESENT EVIDENCES
KEY WORDS
EVERY FUTURE TIME EXPRESSION
EXAMPLES
There are clouds in th sky. It is going to rain.
The food looks horrible, I'm not going to eat it.
Is mum going to buy a new car?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
*SEEN IN PRESENT CONTINUOUS*
SITUATION
TO SAY WHAT YOU HAVE ALREADY ARRANGED TO DO
KEY WORDS
*SEEN IN PRESENT CONTINUOUS*
EXAMPLES
Tomorrow I'm meeting Ellie at the station.
My sister is getting married next year.
PRESENT SIMPLE
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
*SEEN IN PRESENT SIMPLE*
SITUATION
TO TALK ABOUT TIMETABLES, PROGRAMMES...
KEY WORDS
*SEEN IN PRESENT SIMPLE*
EXAMPLES
The train leaves at 16.30.
What time do you finish work tomorrow?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. + WILL + INFINITIVE VERB "TO BE" + INF & ING + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + WON'T + INFINITIVE VERB "TO BE" + INF & ING + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
WILL / WON'T + SUBJ. + INFINITIVE VERB "TO BE" + INF & ING + COMPLEMENTS
SITUATION
SOMETHING THAT WILL BE IN PROGRESS AT, OR AROUND, A TIME IN THE FUTURE
KEY WORDS
BY
3 O'CLOCK
THIS TIME (TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK / MONTH...)
AT
THIS TIME (. . .)
DURING
JULY
THIS WEEK
EXAMPLES
You will be travelling to New York at this time tomorrow.
At 8 o'clock I'll be watching my favourite reality show. Don't ring!
FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
HOW DO WE FORM IT?
+
SUBJ. + WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS
-
SUBJ. + WON'T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS
¿?
WILL / WON'T + SUBJ. + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS + ?
SITUATION
TO SAY THAT SOMETHING WILL BE FINISHED BY A PARTICULAR TIME IN THE FUTURE
KEY WORDS
BY
THE END OF... (THIS YEAR / WEEK / DAY...)
IN
TWO YEARS TIME
ANOTHER FIVE DAYS
MARCH NEXT YEAR
EXAMPLES
In ten years time I will have finished university.
Do you think we will have finished our project in two hours?
I think astronauts will have landed in Mars by the year 2025...