kidney
pre-renal
hypersthenuria
dehydration, cardiac dz, shock
azotemia
BUN:Creatinine > 10
increased production
renal
isosthenuria
azotemia
hyperphosphatemia & hypocalcemia
hypophosphatemia & hypercalcemia (eq)
post-renal
azotemia
hyperkalemia
glomerular
proteinuria
+ UPC
hypoalbuminemia
hypoglobulinemia
low ATIII
± azotemia
UA
hematuria > 15 hpf
hemorrhage
pyuria > 3 hpf
inflammation
tubular casts > rare
kidney damage
hyaline
granular
cellular
crystalluria
CaPO4 (alk)
WNL
UTI
urate (acid)
WNL
UTI
CaCO3
WNL (LA)
struvite
Mg
UTI
bilirubin
WNL (LA, fe)
NH4 biurate
Ca oxalate
ethylene glycol
FLUTD
oxalate ingestion
bactiuria
UTI