pharmacodynamics

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are drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist

Receptors can be activated by either endogenous agonists (such as hormones and neurotransmitters) or exogenous agonists (such as drugs), resulting in a biological response.

pharmacodynamics

secondary pathway receptors

beta receptor

Beta-1 receptor

alpha receptor

oxymetazoline

any of a group of receptors that are present on cell surfaces of some effector organs and tissues innervated by the sympathetic nervous system and that mediate certain physiological responses when bound by specific adrenergic agents

summary of the factors that determine the therapeutic and/or side effect of drugs

therapuetic identified include: route of administration, treatment complexity, duration of treatment period, medication side effects, degree of behavioral change required, taste of medication requirement for drug storage

side effect Type of drug Quantity of drug used Method of drug use Time taken to consume Tolerance Gender, size and amount of muscle Use of other psycho-active drugs Mood or attitude Expectation Setting or environment effects

Difference between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Parmacodynamics

Pharmacological effect on the body from the drug administered

Pharmacokinetics

Describes the effect the body has when a drug is administered

Receptor Classification

plasma-protein receptors

situated on plasma proteins. most drugs bind to plasma proteins

storage receptors

present in nerve endings in which endogenous neurotransmitters are stored

transport-carrier receptors

situated on carriers in cell membrans and can be utilised by certain drugs to carry them across the cell membrane

enzyme receptors

situated on enzymes the function of which is inhibited when a drug binds to them

transmembrane receptors

Membrane receptors transmit information about extracellular stimuli into the cytoplasm. This is achieved through a combination of changes in conformation and oligomeric state by membrane proteins with a single transmembrane domain

The classification of drugs

Partial Agonist

Agonist