THE SOUND PATTERS AND LANGUAGE

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THE SOUND PATTERS AND LANGUAGE

AND THE PRONUNCIATION OF MORPHEMES

Example:

Plural

/v/ Love

/r/ Bear

/n/ Ton

/s/ Map

/b/ Tub

PRONUNCIATION

Phonetic shaps

Determined

Regular phonological rules

Phonetic contex

Vowel rules

Very complicated

Differents contexts

Various pronunciations

Different phonetic forms

PHONE

Market in brackets "[]"

Real sound part

It can be heard

ALLOPHONE

REFERENCE OF EXAMPLES: English Wiki. (2019). English allophones. English Wiki. Recovered from:http://enwiki.org/w/English_allophones

Consonant sound or group: Voiced stops and affricates /b,d,g,dʒ/

Allophone: Partially devoiced the beginning of syllables (unless immediately preceded by a voiced sound)

bay, day, go, jee

Consonant sound or group: Sonorants

Allophone: Devoiced after aspirated plosives /p, t, k/

pray, play, tray, cray, clay

Consonant sound or group: Voiceless plosives /p, t, k/

Allophone: Aspirated before stressed vowels (in stressed syllables): [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]

pie, tie, kite

Consonant sound or group: Consonants

Allophone: Consonants are phonetically longer when at a word boundary or at the end of a phrase

bib

Consonant sound or group: Velar stops /k,g/

Allophone: These become more advanced or fronted before front vowels

key [ki], geese [gis].

Two similar sounds phonetically

They are allophones of the phoneme

Mutan distribution

Excluiding

Two allophones

They are not in the same enviaroment

Relatively similar words

Linguistics variants

Not significant

Phoneme

Bibliography References:

Minggu. (2014). The pronunciation of Morphemes. Blog. Recovered from: http://be-teacher.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-pronunciation-of-morphemes.html

ThoughtCo. (s/d). Phoneme vs. Minimal Pair in English. ThoughtCo. Recovered from: https://www.thoughtco.com/minimal-pair-phonetics-1691392

Mannell R. (2008). Phoneme and Allphone. Macquarie University. Recovered from: https://www.mq.edu.au/about/about-the-university/faculties-and-departments/medicine-and-health-sciences/departments-and-centres/department-of-linguistics/our-research/phonetics-and-phonology/speech/phonetics-and-phonology/phoneme-and-allophone#:~:text=Allophones,phonetic%20environment%20of%20the%20phoneme.

Encyclopaedia Britannica. (s/d). Phoneme Linguistics. Britannica. Recovered from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/phoneme

MINIMAL PAIRS

REFERENCE OF EXAMPLES: Wikipedia. (2017). Minimal Pair. Wikipedia. Recovered from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_pair

Word 1: Bin

Word 2: Bean

IPA 1: /bɪn/

IPA 2: /biːn/

Word 1: Pen

Word 2: Pan

IPA 1: /pɛn/

IPA 2: /pæn/

Note: Vowel

Word 1: Seal

Word 2: Zeal

IPA 1: /siːl/

IPA 2: /ziːl/

Word 1: Rot

Word 2: Lot

IPA 1: /rɒt/

IPA 2: /lɒt/

Word 1: Pin

Word 2: Bin

IPA 1: /pɪn/

IPA 2: /bɪn/

Note: Initial consonant

Shape

Easy and clear

Identify sounds

Language

Sound difference

Difference in meaning

Tools

Stablish

Two or more sounds

They can be contrasted

Used

Show two sounds

Contrast a languague

Couple of words

Differ in a phoneme

PHONEME

Examples:

REFERENCE OF EXAMPLES: SoftSchools. (n/d). Phonemes Examples. SoffSchools. Recovered from: https://www.softschools.com/examples/grammar/phonemes_examples/643/

Phoneme (Sound): /j/

Graphemes: j, g, ge, dge

j, gel, cage, edge

Phoneme (Sound): /g/

Graphemes: g, gg

go, egg

Phoneme (Sound): /f/

Graphemes: f, ph

fish, phone

Phoneme (Sound): /d/

Graphemes: d, dd, ed

dog, ladder, pulled

Phoneme (Sound): /b/

Graphemes: b, bb

ball, blubber

Relevant phonological differents

Rhythm

Accentuation

Tone

Restrict

Consonants

Vowel

Registers

Special symbols

Based

Spoken language

It does not matter

English

Slight difference

Given context

It works

A single sound

More than one variant

Distinguishes

Word element

Word

Smallest Unit

Speech