5.1 Method, Methodology Language
and Language Acquisition Theories

Definition of :

Finocchiaro and Bonomo

language:

vowel symbols

allows :

communicate

interact

Webster (1961)

The language is:

systematic means.

ideas or feelings.

uses:

songs

sounds

gestures or marks.

Webster (1984)

The language is:

set of:

sounds

words

word combinations.

constitute a system of :

expression and communication

thoughts and feelings

history of traditions.

Stephen D.Krashen

Acquisition

two elements:

Acquisition

Helps acquire language.

obtained through:

reading comprehension

listening

meaningful exercises

Fluency

developed through:

communicative strategies

daily life

formulas

role-play situations

games

The learning.

two elements:

general rules

structure of target language

control device

change in behavior

result reinforced practice

acquiring knowledge

Process within human beings

guides learning

sets for learning

teaching and acquiring.

systematic process

Behavioristic Theories

linguistic behavior

perceptible aspects

Produces in behavior

responds to stimulus.

radical behaviorist

environmental causes

personality variables

reinforcement procedures

behavior of human beings

J. Jenkibs and D. Palermo

behaviorist trend

children syntactic patterns.

Stimulus-response patterns

Generative Theories

The Nativist Approach.

innate device

children born

acquisition of language

Two researchers are introduced:

Chomsky

best advocate of the approach:

1) innate hypothesis-creating

2) knowledge of language

3) instrument of evaluation

Mc. Neill

children possessed four linguistic elements:

1) recognize speech sounds

2) organize linguistic data

3) Comprehension to choose

4) Evaluation device

The Cognitive Approach

The human mind is organized in levels:

Memory

Perception

Thought

Meaning

Emotion.

It states that:

not learn simple statements

underlying relationships.

word order

Language reaches children

through the interrelation

linguistic knowledge

daily activities

acquired in the environment.

meaning of words.

syntax of the language

two groups:

functions of language

language performance.

The Classical Behaviorisa Theory

Ivan Pavlov

Classical Conditioning

learning process occurs.

terms of associations.

stimulus with a response.

John B. Watson

Adopted Pavlov's Theory

conditioning process

The Neobehaviorism Theory

Skinner

Respondent Conditioning

result of a previous stimulus

has no stimulus

positive consequences

The Cognitive Learning Theory

David Ausubel

Discovery

cognitive structure

observation and recording

Frank Smith

manufacture of meaning

meaningful learning

Depends on:

goals

aspirations

motivations

human needs

The Humanistic Psychology Theory

Carl Rogers

effective operations

non-cognitive

investigates

the behavior

way of learning.

rules based on personal aspects:

learning

concept of what a person is

perception of the environment

ability to get used to the event.

basic requirements

To be a facilitator

worthly individuals

To get in touch with students

To Listen to them

Definition

Meta: goal
Hodos: way

Philosophic

assimiliation

theorical

practical

Scientific

theory

practice

knowledge

Educational

organizing

students' understanding

practical

way of teaching

process

attaining

object

Methodus: way
Logy: system

language

procedures

teaching

syllabus

excercises

effect

linguistic

skills

abilities

body

methods

rules

postulates

Method

Nature of language

establishing

teaching objectives

elaborating

teaching program

Nature of language learning

reasons

teaching procedure

teaching process

Three groups

Structural

language

arrangement

components

meaning

leaners' help

acquire

system

parts

language syntax

grammatical units

clause

phrase

sentence

grammatical operations

adding

shifting

joining elements

Functional

language

semantic field

means

significance

Interactional

language

device

relationships

among people

among human beings

sort

connection

theories

learning

Four elements

Syllabus

selection

subject

two concerns

subject

linguistic

two points

teaching approach

used

teaching process

language testing

used

appraoach

method

programm

progressive

grammatical

structures

starting

easy

ending

difficult

activities

tested

syllabus

Learners roles

important

carry out

process

value

system

philosophy

students

center

education

Teacher roles

take over

classroom

guider

acquire

target language

facilitators

learning

self-instruction

no teaching

non-native language

prepared

material

teaching

traditional

modern

Instructional materials

Useful

practice

speaking

writing

Shapes

recorder

T.V.

Relationship

foreign language

Class

run them

accomplish

objectives

emphasizes

techniques

teaching

learning

Three aspects

teaching/learning

introduce

topics

excercise

rehearsals

improve

understand

new subject

resources

elements

time

space

lenght

short

long

equipment

Method

explains

relationship

approach

knowledges

theories

design

describes

four elements

syllabus

learners

teachers

material

procedure

final step

background

theories

language learning

techniques

to achieve

purposes

processes