Cell Transport

This transports molecules across the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher molecules, which goes against the gradient flow. The process requires energy which is adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).

Exocytosis is the opposite of endocytosis, since the cell removes molecules. Like proteins, waste products and other materials.

Endocytosis is the process of capturing small particles or ions and where the substance goes from the outside of the cell and overtakes to the cell membrane, and brings it inside the cell.

Where particular cells consume an another cell. Phagocytosis takes in large food particles while, pinocytosis takes in liquid particles. It opens up with an inside compartment (pseudopia) engulfing the liquid particles. This can happen in lots of types of cells like white blood cells which would engulf bacteria, unwanted particles, and dying cells in the body that needs to be removed.

It's a process in which cells absorb proteins, hormones, some viruses and more. It inwardly buds the plasma membrane. It captures specific molecules like viruses and uses the receptor-mediated endocytosis as a pathway to get into the cell.

In pinocytosis, the cell takes in some of extracellular fluid and molecules at random erratically outside of the cell. Which may be called "cell drinking" ( for the intake of fluids ), and also the cell membrane opens up and then encloses (invagination). This configures a vesicle in the cell, which can move to different parts of the cytosol in the cell. This is good for transporting the extracellular fluid.

The hydrophilic ( polar ) heads have an unequal sharing of electrons among atoms.

The hydrophobic ( non-polar ) tails have an equal amount of electrons among atoms.

Passive transport is the movement o ions and other substances across the cell membrane, while from a region of high concentration to a regional of low concentration and goes down the concentration gradient. It also doesn't require energy like ATP.

Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient. This connects to the particle theory of matter since they both need to move in constant motion in order to reach equilibrium throughout the areas.

Facilitated diffusion is process molecules diffusion from a high concentration to a low concentration down a membrane, where a transport protein is required. Energy is not required (passive) for the diffusion of large and charged molecules.

Channel proteins form open pores through the cell membrane, which allows diffusion of any molecule which is the appropriate size and charge.

Carrier proteins are for facilitated diffusion of sugars, amino acids, nucleoside across the cell membrane.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9847/

Osmosis is the movement of water particles through a semipermeable membrane, go from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient.