Education philosophy
Secularism
Can a good education disregard religious truths?
Can I teach in a public school where I'm not allowed to mention God?
How can I help the students look for moral lessons from the subject matter without bringing up religion?
Realism
The world of things is superior to the world of ideas.
Excepting lower standards?
Should I expect the minimum from my students or more?
Logical, systematic approach to the discovery of knowledge
Knowledge is obtainable through research and senses
Scientific method
Neo-Thomism
Bridge between idealism and realism
Human beings modeled after God.
Goodness follows reason
Distinquish between education and school
Religious and character education
God is a worthy source of knowledge
Learning by study and also by faith
Progressivism
Child-centered focus.
Moving away from old ideas and education styles
Prepare a child to thrive in society
Create an enriching environment in the school setting
Pique their interest
Let them go at their own pace and choose their topics
Idealism
The world of the mind, ideas and reason are primary.
What is the ideal way to teach?
Do the restraints put on a public school make the ideal possible?
Education is transformative. Ideas can change lives.
Teacher lectures when neccessary
Use classic teaching techniques
Pragmatism
Philosophy needs to be applied to solve human problems.
More positive, but similar to Realism?
Intelligence is the ability to define and solve problems
Moral relativity
Values arise from human responses to varying environmental situations
Truth is relative
Discovering solutions to problems in present day terms
Allow student to plan his course of study
Experimental learning
Teacher encourages instead of dictates
Existentialism
Focus on the needs of the individual
Education liberates individual from chaotic world
Teacher student relationship is personal
Problems and possibiities
Base word "exist"
Finding meaning and truth for each individual
Be true to your essence.
Taylor education to the individual.
Classroom techniques
Competition
Teams
Teams, working together for grades
Is this fair for the student who would get a better grade on their own?
Advantages
We work in teams at work and church, so even though it may unfairly affect a grade, it may be worth it to use them.
Learn from eachother
Leadership/cooperative skills
People depending on you will help you get the work done
Teams/Individual
team against team
individual against individual within a team
Team against unseen team from another classroom
Does grading on a curve serve a useful purpose?
If everyone did poorly
Inappropriate in many instances
Individuals competing
What about the child who feels defeated and gives up?
Advantages
Students often work harder
Pace of study
Let students go at their own pace
Go at the same pace at a class
Assignment vs. volunteering
Agency: How can I implement volunteering in the classroom?
Let students choose as often as possible
Let them choose how they learn. Give options.
Summerhill school in Europe: freedom to choose what you learn
No Child Left Behind
now "Every Student Succeeds"
States are in control of education
Federal government getting more involved
Standards needed between states
15% of funding is federal, much to combat discrimination
Every child gets a highly trained teacher
Every child is tested
Students assessing students
Make sure the students are doing a good job in their assessments
Only use in limited situations
Assessments
Find out strengths and weaknesses
Where are they at in the process?
Discussion styles
Lateral
Levels of conversation
Horizontal
Everyone on same level
Focus on thinking vs. memorization
Organizing ideas, not the form, should be the focus
Theories over calculation
Why are we learning this?
Implementation, not just memorizing information
Group work
Important skill to learn. They will work in groups in their lives.
Weekly 1 and 3: 7 essential questions
Who am I and what motivates me?
I'm a daughter of God, a wife, a mother, and an educator. I love to learn, travel and be with my family. I'm motivated by what I believe God expects of me. I'm also motivated by love, competition, responsibility, money, adventure and many other things. I want to teach to help those I teach gain insights, but I also want a career that is rewarding and provides a way for me to pay for weddings, missions and travel.
The Savior was the the son of God and he was motivated by love. I am a daughter of God and my motivation to teach should be the same as the Savior's.
What is my work as learner and teacher?
I want to learn as much as I can so that I can be a more successful teacher to my children and students, to understand the world and things of eternity, and to be a better person. I want to pass on valuable ideas and make a difference in lives of those I teach.
The Savior's work is to bring about salvation. He learned what he needed to know from his heavenly Father and from his earthly parents and teachers. He was the master teacher. I can follow his example and learn all i can and then share my knowledge with others.
“In the home, the school, or the house of God, there is one teacher whose life overshadows all others. He taught of life and death, of duty and destiny. He lived not to be served, but to serve; not to receive, but to give; not to save his life, but to sacrifice it for others. He described a love more beautiful than lust, a poverty richer than treasure. It was said of this teacher that he taught with authority and not as did the scribes. I speak of the Master Teacher, even Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the Savior and Redeemer of all mankind.
“When dedicated teachers respond to his gentle invitation, ‘Come learn of me,’ they learn, but they also become partakers of his divine power.”
—President Thomas S. Monson
How do I learn?
I learn in many ways. I prefer to learn visually, but I also learn by reading, listening and experiencing. My most important learning has been spiritually.
The Savior learned by studying scripture, through the spirit, from his parents and others in his community, and most likely through direct communication with his father. I can also learn by studying the scriptures, through the spirit, from my parents and others.
Luke 2:40- "And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him."
What is the role of school in society?
There is so much a child needs to know to be able to function and act intelligently. Schools prepare them for adulthood, college, jobs and more. Leaving them in ignorance has many negative affects on society. God wants us to gain intelligence and schools contribute to learning. We have gone away from including knowledge of God's truths, but religion once played a role in schools. Schools should teach moral behavior, but since they have moved away from that role, the society has become less moral.
The Savior values learning and he encourages each of us to study and learn. He would support schooling, as long as it teaches truths and the teachers have the spirit.
Brigham Young: “You should not teach even the alphabet or the multiplication tables without the Spirit of God."
How do I view those I teach?
I see them as intelligent individuals who can benefit from the things I teach. I recognize that they sometimes have greater insights than I do in some ways. Sometimes, I see them as a challenge, if they don't want to engage or behave.
The Savior saw the value in each person he taught. He loved them and understood them. He had the added benefit of being able to know who they were spiritually. He taught them at their level in very individualized ways when one on one. He taught universal truths to groups of people.
“I have prayed for thee,” the Savior said to Peter, “that thy faith fail not” (Luke 22:32).
What is worth teaching?
Most of the subjects taught in our schools are worth teaching. Moral behavior is worth teaching. Some details in sexual education are not worth teaching. Things of God are of the most worth.
The Savior only taught things of great importance. He taught what we need to know for our salvation. He told us to learn about the world: the people, histories, cultures, nature, in universal laws in his revealed scriptures. All of these things are worth teaching.
“Teach ye diligently … of things both in heaven and in the earth, and under the earth; things which have been, things which are, things which must shortly come to pass; things which are at home, things which are abroad; the wars and the perplexities of the nations, and the judgments which are on the land; and a knowledge also of countries and of kingdoms—that ye may be prepared in all things” (D&C 88:78–80).4
Upon what foundation are U.S. public schools built?
Mostly economic. We need literate people as workers. Getting an education is valued in our country and we have come to expect the government to provide it for us. The ideological foundation is becoming more and more focused on liberal/socialist ideas, unfortunately.
The Savior should be included in our public schooling. His teachings can apply to all subjects. Public schools used to teach God's truths and moral behavior and they should again.
Joseph Smith:
"If children are to be brought up in the way they should go, to be good citizens here and happy hereafter, they must be taught. It is idle to suppose that children will grow up good, while surrounded with wickedness, without cultivation. It is folly to suppose that they can become learned without education."
Authors
Beecher
Discipline
Expect respect
Have consequences
Gospel centered teaching
Women are better teachers
What qualifies a teacher to teach?
teacher training
coeducation instead of single gender
Student teacher relationships
switching teachers too often is detrimental
Wolk
Love of learning
Public schools are failing our students
Knowledge more than creativity taught in schools
Students just being trained to be workers
Rousseau
It is nearly impossible to succeed in educating a child.
A child should learn by experiencing life.
Comenius
Teachers should teach morals.
We should view our students as children of God and treat them with respect.
Addams
Schoolwork should be meaningful and not just busy work.
An educator should try to free the power from each student and connect the student with his future.
Anton
Public education is a privilege. How can I help my students to appreciate the opportunity they have been given?
James
Is what you're teaching worthwhile?
Pragmatists turn away from abstraction.
Jefferson
Plan for public schooling
Merit based, but offered to all white boys
Ravitch
Our schools are not what we expect them to be, but we shouldn't expect them to solve all of the issues in our society.
Bednar
Doctrines
Why we do things
Principles
More detailed- ties back to doctrines
Applications
What does is look like?
Learning is about action or change
Learning and teaching are personal responsibilities
Make a personalized plan
Plato
Caves
Ask questions
Philosophical discussions
Pestalozzi
A lot can be learned by experiencing nature
Perry
Racial issues
Teachers take away freedom of creativity
Individualize learning
Teach critical thinking skills
Our students are not a number, they are individuals
Public school should not just be about making things look right and behaving right.
Freire
Teachers make deposits into students heads and then withdraw them to see if they learned.
Teacher-centered
He felt oppressed by colonial school system in Brazil
Dewey
Social training should be the focus more than memorization.
Teachers are like prophets. They should teach morals.
Kierkegaard
A crowd leads to untruth
Teach students to not give in to peer pressure and political correctness.
Erasmus
Subjects connect with other subjects.
We should study both broadly and narrowly.
Philosophical terms
Metaphysics
A traditional branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world that encompasses it, although the term is not easily defined.
Universal truths present but latent in our mind
Nothing is real except for the idea in someone's mind
Two divisions of reality--apparent and real
Philosophy
The love of wisdom
The study of any subject
Thinking about big questions
What is the world like?
Is there a God?
Ontology
The realness of something.
Epistemology
The theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
Inductive and deductive logic
Intuition as a dimension of knowing
The search for truth
Axiology
The study of the nature of value and valuation, and of the kinds of things that are valuable.
Order as a basic principle of values.
Values are discovered via intuition
Values are absolute
My questions about teaching
Why did I choose to teach?
I've wanted to be a teacher since I was young. I liked learning in school, overall, and I want to help others enjoy their education. I have always been interested in history and my patriarchal blessing talks about getting an education in history. A great way to learn something well is to teach it. I've had experience teaching my kids and in a charter school and I enjoyed it.
Do I have any concerns about teaching?
Will I be too upset by misbehavior and disrespect from students?
I might not be able to keep my biases out of my teaching very well. I didn't do a good job of that before.
Alternatives to public schools
Homeschooling
Is it ok to specialize in subjects and leave others behind?
Charter schools
competition for students creates a better school.
Private schools
Less government interference
Can teach religious ideas
Downside: limited to those with money to pay
Montessori
Students go at their own pace
Hands on learning
Student focused learning
Summerhill
Let children be free.
Unless they interfere with the learning of others.
We can't trust government and religion to teach our children
All ages of children.
Learning is a beautiful endevour
Let them play as long as they like.
play naturally leads to work
fosters creativity
No lessons required, but lessons were offered
Funding schools
Bonds that increase sales or property taxes
Cities have the voting power. they get more money.
Levies
Have the funding follow the student. They choose where to spend it.
school success is not based on money spent
Success influenced by parental involvement
Wealthy areas help with success
High quality teachers in stable schools
parents can stay home or hire tutors
stable jobs for parents
Success influenced by smaller class sizes
Teacher quality
Special programs
Assignments are necessary in some cases.
State standards
Gives a sense of control for teacher
Apex
Older kids help younger kids
Special education
Reading groups
Advanced classes
Have average students help special needs student
Teacher Ethics
Should a teacher have a concealed weapon in class?
Since we'll be working with minors, unethical behavior will be less tolerated.
My classroom
Respect the students. Expect them to treat me with respect.
Allow retests.
Historical reenactments
Presentations
Assignments
Allow late assignments, but they lose points for each day it's late.
Expect a lot from them.
Let students help present information
Lead discussions
Help them see patterns and lessons.
How do I see my students?
Is it me against them?
Am I on their side?
Do I see their potential?
Can I show them respect when they aren't showing respect to me?
Will I treat them all the same, even those who behave badly?
Communicating with parents of students
Back to School nights
Email for specific problems
Email updates
Parent Teacher conference
Weekly 2: How is the Savior the Master Teacher?
He really understood what he was teaching
He was a master scriptorian and He learned from His Father directly.
He quoted scriptures often.
He spoke with authority
John 8:28 Then said Jesus unto them, When ye have lifted up the Son of man, then shall ye know that I am he, and that I do nothing of myself; but as my Father hath taught me, I speak these things.
He asked the students questions
They had the answer within themselves
They can each learn what they needed to learn by thinking about his question.
Learners were at different levels.
His questions required them to probe their feelings.
"What man of you, having an hundred sheep, if he lose one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that which is lost, until he find it?"
He was willing to correct his students
He pointed out what they needed to change. Some accepted his correction, some didn't.
"He who is without sin, let him cast the first stone."
"Woe unto you, hypocrites"
"O ye of little faith"
He spoke with authority without being condescending.
Teach in a way that your students will believe the truths you are presenting, but treat them with respect.
"For he taught as one having authority, and not like the scribes"
"The people were astonished at His doctrine for he taught them as one having authority."
He treated all social classes with respect.
He knew his students
He taught similar ideas in different ways, depending on what the student would understand.
With some, he taught by asking them a question, with others, he taught with a story. He knew what the students needed.
He asked the rich young man to sell all he had and follow him. He knew he needed to face that decision.
He used parables and analogies
He taught on multiple levels through parable and analogies. Learners pulled what they could understand from his teachings.
The sower and the seed
The prodigal son
Some learned nothing, some learned deep doctrines.
Subtopic
He taught by his example
His life can be emulated. He lived what he taught. He showed them a higher way to live.
"Come, follow me"
"Learn of me and listen to my words, walk in the meekness of my spirit."
He only taught truths
He learned truths from his father and didn't stray from these important truths in his teachings.
“All truth is independent in that sphere in which God has placed it.” (D&C 93:30.)
John 8:28 Then said Jesus unto them, When ye have lifted up the Son of man, then shall ye know that I am he, and that I do nothing of myself; but as my Father hath taught me, I speak these things.
Final Ideas
Weekly 4: Doctrines, Principles, and Applications
Principles
A gospel principle is a doctrinally based guideline for the righteous exercise of moral agency. Principles are subsets or components of broader gospel truths. Principles provide direction. Correct principles always are based upon and arise from doctrines and do not change. Many principles can grow out of and be associated with a single doctrine . . . A principle is not a behavior or a specific action. Rather, principles provide basic guidelines for behavior and action. (pp. 1
Principles answer the question of “what?”
Applications
Applications are the actual behaviors, action steps, practices, or procedures by which gospel doctrines and principles are enacted in our lives. Whereas doctrines and principles do not change, applications appropriately can vary according to needs and circumstances. Many applications can grow out of and be associated with a single principle.
Applications answer the question of “how.”
Doctrines
A gospel doctrine is a truth—a truth of salvation revealed by a loving Heavenly Father. Gospel doctrines are eternal, do not change, and pertain to the eternal progression and exaltation of Heavenly Father’s sons and daughters. Doctrines such as the nature of the Godhead, the plan of happiness, and the Atonement of Jesus Christ are foundational, fundamental, and comprehensive. The core doctrines of the gospel of Jesus Christ are relatively few in number.
Gospel doctrines answer the question of "why?"