Heritage Sectional Exam 6
Late 1800's to the Present

Modern Art in Europe and the United States (c. 1870-1965)

"The strangeness will wear off and I think we will discover the deeper meanings in modern art"--Jackson Pollock

Foundations of Modern Art: Manet and the Painting of Modern Life

Edouard Manet, Gare Saint-Lazare, 1873, cf. Monet

Manet, Bar at the Folies-Bergere, 1880-81

The 20th Century and the Rejection of Naturalism: Expressionism vs. Formalism

Post Impressionism

Vincent Van Gogh

Instead of trying to reproduce what I have before my eyes, Ise color more arbitrarily so as to express myself forcibly

Starry Night, 1889

Self-Portrait, 1880s

Paul Cezanne

see in nature the cylinder, the sphere, the cone

Mont Ste. Victoire, 1904

Still Life with Plaster Cupid, c. 1895

Boy in a Red Vest, 1888-90

Fauvism

Henri Matisse

Mme. MAtisse (Green Stripe), 1905

Fauves=Wild Beasts

What I am after, above all, is expression. Expression, to my way of thinking, does not consist of the passion mirrored upon a human face or betrayed by a violent gesture. Thw whole arrangement of my picture is expressive.

Joy of Life, 1905-6

Pablo Picasso

Portrait of Kahnweiler, 1910

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

a field of broken glass

drinking turpentine and spitting fire

There is no such thing as abstract art, you must start with something

The Old Guitarist, 1903

The Family of Saltimbanques, 1905

Cubism

the Influence of African Scpture on Cubism

Gertrude Stein, 1906-7

Collagee and Assemblage

Still Life with Chair Caning, 1912

Guitar, Sheet Music and Glass, 1912

Art is a lie that tells the truth

Maquette for Guitar, 1912

Guernica, 1937

Wassuky Kandinsky

Improvisation 28, 1912

Largely unconscious, spontaneous expressions of inner character, non-material in nature

Composition IV, 1911

Piet Mondrian

Composition 10 in Black and White, 1915

Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue, 1921

De Stijl (Dutch for "The style")

Neoplasticism

Broadway Boogie-Wogie, 1942-43

Rethinking the Art Object: The Avant-Garde Challenge to Painting

Readymade

Marcel Duchamp

Fountain, 1917

Appropriation

Rrose Selavy, 1919

LHOOQ, 1919

Dadaism

Raoul Hausmann

ABCD: Portrait of the Artist, 1923-4

Hannah Hoch

Cut with the Kitchen Knife

Metaphys

Surrealist Found Object

Dali

The Return to Painting Across the Atlantic: Post-war American Art

Neo Dada

Pop

Action painting, Gesture painting, Abstract Expressionism

Contemporary Art

Three Strains of Modernism

Progress and Uncertainty

Modernism

All art from the past must be destroyed

Debussy

Impressionism

Stravinsky

The Primacy of Rhythm

Schoenberg

Literature and Art before World War One

Modernist Music before World War One

Expressionism

Tewlve Tone System

Music after 1945

Experimentalism

The Avant Garde

Postmodernsim

Jazz: American Creative Music

The Blues

New Orleans Jazz

Louis Armstrong

Duke Ellington

"Bird" & "Diz"

Miles Davis

The Early Modern in Literature

Joyce and Teats

High Modernism

William Faulkner

Latin American Literature

World War I

Pre War Faith in Progress

Western Faith in Progress:

Nineteenth century liberals, Marxists, Imperialists

Doubts about progress?

The negative consequences of industrialization and free trade

Tolstoy's critique of modernity

Technological progress in early 20th century

Automobiles

petroleum

mass production

aircraft

radio

Social and technological progress appeared to make war unlikely

The origins of WWI

Alliance system, hasty decision making (influenced by communications technology), nationalism

The Crisis of July 1914

Sarajevo, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, threats and mobilization

Schieffen Plan, Belgium, British intervention

The conduct of the first World War

1914

Battles for Belgium and France

New Rifles, Artillery, Machine-guns heavily favor defenders

The western front, 1914-17

Myth of stalemate, reality of small movement and technological and tactical innovation

The world at war

Italy, Eastern Europe, Africa, Middle East

Industrial Warfare and the management of human resources

New technologies: gas, artillery registration, tanks

Manpower depletion: War of Attrition, Citizen Armies, "lads" battalions

Bodies and minds pushed to the limit:

Trauma and Freudian Psychology

Colonial Contributions: Bodies and Resources

1917

Allied demoralization, collapse, mutiny

Russian Revolution

Feb. 1917

Tsar Nicholas II abdicates, Provisional Government installed

Oct. 1917

Bolshevik Communist Revolution, led by V. I. Lenin

France: The Nevelle Offensive and the French Mutiny

British Anti-war sentiment

Wilfred Owen

Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori

How sweet and fitting to die for one's country

1917-18

The United States enters the War

Zimmerman Telegram, Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, Loans to Allies

U.S Contribution

manpower helps Allies in 1918 campaigns

War aims of President Woodrow Wilson: Idealism of 14 points and pragmatism of U.S. national interests

Idealism

1919

Treaty of Versailles blames Germany for the war and imposes harsh punishments

The Impact of the First World War

Total number of soldiers killed

9 Million

36% of the young men aged 19-22

War, Nature, and the imagination

Impact of the war on thought

Loss of faith in progress

The Great Depression

World War II

The Cold War

The 60's

Film

Globalization

Physics

Quantum Mechanics

Einstein

Relativity

Religion

The Shoah

Ghandi

Meaningful Meaninglessness

Sammuel Beckett

Existentialism

Pragmatism & Postmodernism

Feminism