LISTENING Ilse Naomi Jaime Tanamachi, November 7th, 2021 Teaching Language as Communication

First stage

The sounds go into the “echoic” memory and are organized into meaningful units

Second stage

The processing of the information by the short-term memory

Final stage

The listener is able to construct a meaning from the utterance.

Knowledge is represented and that representation facilitates the use of the knowledge.

Bottom-up processing.

Triggers certain past experiences or perceptions about the topic

Top-down processing

Find an existing knowledge structure to facilitate the assimilation of new information.

Understand the words

Understand the context

Teacher's responsibilities

Understand their learners’ needs

Visualize the objectives and means of the stages

Set meaningful, focused and graded listening tasks

Encourage more participations in activities and tasks in classroom

Starting out by listening to English (instead of speaking it) helps your brain retain basic knowledge about what sounds best in English.

Use of real material

Tapes/videos/DVD as self-access study materials.

Fairy tales, like cartoons for learning English, are ideal for my young students. The language is direct and the stories are easy to follow. There is also a lot of repetition, which can help you remember the plot and memorize the new vocabulary.

Selecting right topics

Interest of learners

Right level

If students enjoy their listening practice, they will be inclined to continue practicing and improving listening skills.

Focusing on meaning

Mobilize both their linguistic and non-linguistic abilities to understand what is heard

Working on comprehension activities

Learners have opportunities for assessing and revising what they have achieved

Attention to accuracy and an analysis of form

Learners gain confidence in listening for meaning