Methods

The Grammar-Translation

View of Language

Literary language is considered supirior than spoken language

View of Learning

Translate from one laguage to another

Grammar deductively

Memorize vocabulary

View on mistakes/errors

The teacher should supplies them with the correct answer

Role of Teacher

The authority

Role of Student

*****

View of Culture

Limited to literature and fine arts

Focus on skills

Reading

Writing

The Audio-Lingual Method

View of Language

Structuralism

Description linguistics

View of Learning

Habit formation

Repetition

Imitation

View on mistakes/errors

Mistakes must be corrected right away

Role of Teacher

The center of classes

Model

Orchestra Leader

View of Culture

Everyday behavior

Role of Student

Imitators of teacherĀ“s model

Focus on skills

Listening

Speaking

Communicative Language Teaching

View of Language

View of Learning

Exposure

Drill

View on mistakes/errors

Errors are tolerated and seen as a natural outcome

Role of Teacher

Facilitator of communication

Adviser

Monitor

View of Culture

The everyday lifestyle of people who use the language

Role of Student

Actively engaged in negotiating meaning

Focus on skills

Speaking