psyc2013

serial

look at one item at a time and only respond as soon as you see the target

as we increase distractors we have increased response time

processing by steps

store and assemble after each step

parallel

processing multiple step at the same time

store and assemble all steps simultaneously at the end

pop out - quick detection

there is no change to response time as we increase distractors

visual search

pop out

feature

immediate and automatic - no scanning or searching

thought to be
parallel

conjunctions

take longer than features

process of left to right - scan

border search

texture segregation

takes longer as changes across border are more complex

illusionary concepts

flashes of images

red car and blue toy

blue car and red toy

noticing shapes and colors, but not putting it together coherently

hard to put things together without attention

binding problem

thought to support serial processing

feature map

may have an overall master map of all the features, but our attentional spot light allows us to focus the important features and glue appropriate features and perceive the object

build an object file using features bound together

studied what features we could parallel search

Hue, terminators etc.

search slopes

linear - constant flat

the reaction time is independent of the display size

conjunction tsks

negative trails

take longer on average as its harder to say no

on average takes much longer for greater numbers of displays compared to single feature targets

per attentive

happens without any learning

built into visual system

automatic process

requires learning and a lot of practice

allows for less time in monitoring for tasks - frees up the mind to spend more of consciousness on other tasks

fast, run in parallel, don't draw on any central capacity. unavailable to consciousness and unavoidable, ballistic. Hits target no matter what you do. assumption that automatic processes can be interupted

Schiffrin

memory search

memorise 4 letters

visual search

look for letter in a display

1 or 4

searching through memory? or physical items

took 2000 trails to increasd speed

said that practice takes a long time to master

LOOK UP OTHER MINDMAP

consistent mapping

knew what they were looking for

targets are always targets (letters)

every item you saw a K or H you knew you would be looking for it

Variable

given targets, but may not appear in visual search (numbers)

may or may not be what you're looking for

distractors

are all the same - is the task easy because the distractors are all the same?

in conjunctive search, the distractors as well as the target are all different

Duncan

made the distractors different

the search became more difficult and more serial

less parallel

Wolfe

had a lot of data

put together millions of trails of visual search

did it come out like the text book graph?

search results for feature searches did come flatter than the conjunctions

never completely flat for feature searches

there's not such thing as parallel processing - just a difference in efficiency

we have guided searches and activation maps

activation map for distractors could just be thrown away

differences in efficiency

easy tasks

guided searchs

hard tasks

looking for activation map for red and circular

completely overlapping

inefficient task

heterogenous distractors

faster when the display is larger because the task becomes easier - makes the target more salient

deicion making problem

no difference in feature and conjunction searches

easier tasks has less decisions to be made