used in normative ethics.
For conduct

THE CONCEPTS OF ETHICS

DEFINITION

DEFINITION

Ethics

Literally

ancient Greek: ethos, means
character

Technically

the branch of philosophy dealing with
values relating to human conduct, with
respect to the rightness and wrongness
of actions

Morality

Latin :‘moralis’ ‘mores’, custom, the traditional norm of a people

ETHICS IN ISLAM

ETHICS IN ISLAM

Known as

'ilm al-akhlāq

science of morality

branch of knowledge

studies akhlāq (morals)

from word khuluq

character

‘inner disposition’ of the soul

the spiritual constitution of man

Al-akhlak/ethics

according to Abdul Qadir al-Jurjani

a deep state of the self produces acts, behavior with ease with no need of sophisticate thinking and reflection

Al-Ghazali

the science of the path of the Hereafter (ilm tariq al-akhirah) or path trodden by the prophets and righteous ancestors (al-Salaf al-Salih).

science of practical religion (‘ilm al-mu‘amalah).

“the study of certain religious beliefs (i‘tiqadat) and of rightness and wrongness of action for the purpose of practice and not for the sake of mere knowledge.”

character is an established state (of the soul) from which actions proceed easily without any need for reflection or deliberation

IMPORTANT OF ETHICS

IMPORTANT OF ETHICS

The spirit of Islam

pure worship (‘ibadat) is for moral purposes

al-Hajj

al-Siyam

al-Salah

al-Zakah

What is Islam?

Good relationship among human beings = good morality

Good relationship with Allah in its spiritual sense

Validation and authentication of Iman

Benefits

Social

Good leadership

harmonious society

Strong & peaceful family life

Building good reputation

Wining hearts of people

Spiritual

Good morals eliminate sins

The dearest one to Allah

Good morals = voluntary worship

Good morals are conditions of validity of Iman

The level of faith (iman) is proportional to the level of morals

Definition of Iman

FIELD OF ETHICS

FIELD OF ETHICS

Normative

Seek to set

norms

standards

Metaethics

Systematically studies the meanings

ethical terms

judgments

Applied

Applied

Application of normative theories to practical moral

issues

problem

Example

Obedience to parents

Right to life

Justice

Cooperation

STRUCTURE OF ISLAMIC ETHICS

STRUCTURE OF ISLAMIC ETHICS

Spiritual training

Academic / Intellectual training

Moral training

Practical training

Spiritual

Observing
Salat al-Nawafel
& Fasting

Following
Lessons from
Pious people

Obeying/
Practicing
Life of the
prophet

Purifying
The soul, faith
& actions

To be closed
To Allah

Reciting and
Understanding
The Quran

Academic

Sensitivity &
consciousness

Thought for
Life after
death

Love of the
Prophet

Motivation &
Determination

Improving
Relationship
With Allah

Lives of
Sahaba &
Salihin

Attaining
Knowledge and
Doing virtues

Practical
Training

Companionship
Of Good

Setting up
As a model

Enjoining
& Forbidding

Striving and
Searching
The truth

Establishment
Of adalah

Social change
& Social
Training

Moral
Training

Reform of Self

Divine religion
As the source

Performing an
Obligatory acts

Prophet’s
Excellent example

Enjoining
& Forbidding
As a means

“…And establish regular prayer; for prayer restrains from indecency and evil” (29: 45)

“…whoever determines the performance of the pilgrimage therein, there shall be no lewdness (depravity) nor abuse nor angry conversation on the pilgrimage(2: 197).

“O you who believe! Fasting was made compulsory for you, as it was made compulsory for those who preceded you, so that you may become righteous.” (2: 183)

“…Take alms of their wealth, so that it may purify and sanctify them. (9: 103)

“The most perfect believer in faith is the one who is best in moral character. ..” (al-Tirmidhi)

“None of you will have faith (will be a true believer) till he wishes for his (Muslim) brother what he likes for himself.” (hadith)

“Courtesy and good morality melt the sins just like water melts the ice. And immorality spoils good deeds as vinegar spoils honey.” (hadith)

When the Prophet (saw) was asked: Whom Allah likes most amongst His subjects? He replied: “The one who possesses superior moral qualities”. (hadith)

“A believer by virtue of his good morals may attain the status of one who fasts (voluntary fast) regularly and performs prayer at night”. (hadith)

“Iman has over sixty branches (parts): the highest of which is the belief that nothing deserves to be worshipped except Allah and the lowest of which is the removal from the way of that which might cause harm to anyone. And modesty (haya’ الحياء) is a branch of it.” (hadith)

Conviction

Foundation

Profession

Declaration

Practice

Validation