HEAD OF THE STATE
King Philip VI

HEAD OF THE STATE
King Philip VI

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The CrownArticle 561. The King is the Head of State, the symbol of its unity and perma- nence. He arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the insti- tutions, assumes the highest representation of the Spanish State in international relations, especially with those nations belonging to the same historic community, and exercices the functions expressly con- ferred on him by the Constitution and the law.2. His title is King of Spain, and he may use the other titles apper- taining to the Crown.

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CORTES DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN

CORTES DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN

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Artículo 20. Carácter.1. Las Cortes de Castilla y León representan al pueblo de Castilla y León y ejercen en su nombre, con arreglo a la Constitución y al presente Estatuto, los poderes y atribuciones que les corresponden.2. Las Cortes de Castilla y León son inviolables.Artículo 24. Atribuciones.Corresponde a las Cortes de Castilla y León:1. Ejercer la potestad legislativa de la Comunidad en los términos establecidos por la Constitución, por el presente Estatuto y por las leyes del Estado que les atribuyan tal potestad.2. Controlar e impulsar la acción política y de gobierno de la Junta y de su Presidente.3. Aprobar los Presupuestos de la Comunidad y los de las propias Cortes, así como la rendición anual de cuentas de ambos.4. Elegir de entre sus miembros al Presidente de la Junta de Castilla y León.5. Designar a los Senadores que han de representar a la Comunidad, según lo previsto en el artículo 69.5 de la Constitución. Los Senadores serán designados en proporción al número de miembros de los grupos políticos representados en las Cortes de Castilla y León.6. Solicitar del Gobierno la adopción de un proyecto de ley, o remitir a la Mesa del Congreso de los Diputados una proposición de ley en los términos que establece el artículo 87, apartado 2, de la Constitución.7. Interponer recursos de inconstitucionalidad, de acuerdo con lo que establece el artículo 162, apartado 1.a), de la Constitución, y la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional.8. Ejercitar la iniciativa de reforma de la Constitución, en los términos previstos en la misma.9. Facilitar al Gobierno las previsiones de índole política, social y económica a que se refiere el artículo 131, apartado 2, de la Constitución.10. Establecer y exigir tributos de acuerdo con la Constitución, el presente Estatuto y las correspondientes leyes del Estado.11. Aprobar transferencias de competencias de la Comunidad a los municipios, provincias y otras entidades locales de la misma, salvo lo que determina el presente Estatuto o disponga una previa ley de la propia Comunidad.12. Ratificar los convenios que la Junta concluya con otras Comunidades Autónomas para la gestión y prestación de servicios propios de las mismas. Dichos convenios serán comunicados de inmediato a las Cortes Generales.13. Ratificar los acuerdos de cooperación que sobre materias distintas a las mencionadas en el número anterior concluya la Junta con otras Comunidades Autónomas previa autorización de las Cortes Generales.14. Convalidar los Decretos Leyes aprobados por la Junta, de acuerdo con lo dispuesto en el artículo 25.4 del presente Estatuto.15. Ejercer cuantos otros poderes, competencias y atribuciones les asignen la Constitución, el presente Estatuto y las leyes.

PRESIDENCIA
Ángel Mariano Ibáñez Hernando

PRESIDENCIA
Ángel Mariano Ibáñez Hernando

JUNTA DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN

JUNTA DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN

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Artículo 28. Carácter y composición.1. La Junta de Castilla y León es la institución de gobierno y administración de la Comunidad de Castilla y León y ejerce la función ejecutiva y la potestad reglamentaria de acuerdo con el presente Estatuto y el resto del ordenamiento jurídico.2. La Junta de Castilla y León está compuesta por el Presidente, los Vicepresidentes, en su caso, y los Consejeros.3. Una ley de Castilla y León regulará la organización y composición de la Junta, así como las atribuciones y el estatuto personal de sus miembros.4. El Presidente de la Junta nombra y separa libremente a sus miembros, comunicándolo seguidamente a las Cortes de Castilla y León.5. El Presidente podrá delegar funciones ejecutivas y de representación propias en los Vicepresidentes y demás miembros de la Junta.6. El Vicepresidente o Vicepresidentes asumirán las funciones que les encomiende el Presidente de la Junta y le suplirán, por su orden, en caso de vacante, ausencia o enfermedad.Artículo 30. Atribuciones.Corresponde a la Junta de Castilla y León:1. Ejercer el gobierno y administración de la Comunidad en el ámbito de las competencias que ésta tenga atribuidas.2. Interponer recursos de inconstitucionalidad en los términos que establece el artículo 162.1.a) de la Constitución y suscitar, en su caso, conflictos de competencia con el Estado u otra Comunidad Autónoma, según lo previsto en la Ley Orgánica del Tribunal Constitucional, personándose en estos últimos por acuerdo de las Cortes de Castilla y León o por propia iniciativa.3. Ejercer cuantas otras competencias o atribuciones le asignen el presente Estatuto y las leyes.

PRESIDENCIA
Juan Vicente Herrera Campo

PRESIDENCIA
Juan Vicente Herrera Campo

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Artículo 27. Atribuciones.1. Como supremo representante de la Comunidad de Castilla y León, corresponde al Presidente de la Junta:a) Convocar elecciones a las Cortes de Castilla y León de acuerdo a lo establecido en la presente norma.b) Acordar la disolución de las Cortes de Castilla y León en los términos normativamente previstos.c) Mantener las relaciones que se consideren oportunas con los demás entes públicos.d) Firmar los convenios y acuerdos de cooperación y colaboración que suscriba la Comunidad Autónoma en los casos en los que proceda.e) Proponer, por iniciativa propia o a solicitud de los ciudadanos, de conformidad con establecido en el presente Estatuto y en la legislación del Estado y de la Comunidad, la celebración de consultas populares en el ámbito de la Comunidad, sobre decisiones políticas relativas a materias que sean de la competencia de ésta.2. Como representante ordinario del Estado en la Comunidad Autónoma, corresponde al Presidente de la Junta:a) Promulgar en nombre del Rey las leyes aprobadas por las Cortes de Castilla y León, así como ordenar su publicación en el "Boletín Oficial de Castilla y León" y la remisión para su publicación en el "Boletín Oficial del Estado".b) Ordenar la publicación en el "Boletín Oficial de Castilla y León" de los nombramientos de los altos cargos del Estado en Castilla y León.c) Solicitar la colaboración a las autoridades del Estado que ejercen funciones públicas en Castilla y León.d) Las demás que determinen las leyes.3. Como Presidente del Gobierno de Castilla y León, corresponde al Presidente de la Junta:a) Dirigir y coordinar la acción de gobierno.b) Nombrar y separar libremente a los demás miembros de la Junta.c) Convocar, presidir, fijar el orden del día de las reuniones del Consejo de Gobierno y dirigir los debates y deliberaciones, así como suspender y levantar las sesiones.d) Firmar los Decretos y Acuerdos de la Junta y ordenar, en su caso, la publicación en el "Boletín Oficial de Castilla y León".e) Solicitar dictamen del Consejo Consultivo de Castilla y León en los supuestos en que proceda.f) Ejercer cualquier otra atribución prevista por las leyes.

CONSEJEROS

CONSEJEROS

TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR DE JUSTICIA
DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN

PRESIDENCIA
D. José Luis Concepción Rodríguez

PRESIDENCIA
D. José Luis Concepción Rodríguez

LEGISLATIVE POWER

EXECUTIVE POWER

JUDICIAL POWER

CORTES GENERALES

CONGRESS

CONGRESS

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Section 681.The Congress shall consist of a mini-mum of three hundred and a maximum of fourhundred Members, elected by universal, free,equal, direct and secret suffrage, under theterms to be laid down by the law.2.The electoral constituency is the provin-ce. The cities of Ceuta and Melilla shall be re-presented by one Member each. The totalnumber of Members shall be distributed in ac-cordance with the law, each constituencybeing allotted a minimum initial representationand the remainder being distributed in propor-tion to the population.3.The election in each constituency shallbe conducted on the basis of proportional re-presentation.4.The Congress is elected for four years.The term of office of Members thereof endsfour years after their election or on the day onwhich the Congress is dissolved.5.All Spaniards entitled to the full exerciseof their political rights shall be electors andmay be elected.The law shall recognise and the Stateshall facilitate the exercise of the right ofvote by Spaniards who are outside Spanishterritory.6.Elections shall take place between thirtyand sixty days after the end of the previousterm of office. The Congress so elected mustbe convened within twenty-five days followingthe holding of elections

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PRESIDENCY
MERITXELL BATET LAMAÑA

PRESIDENCY
MERITXELL BATET LAMAÑA

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SENATE

SENATE

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Section 691.The Senate is the House of territorial re-presentation.2.In each province, four Senators shall beelected by the voters thereof by universal,free, equal, direct and secret suffrage, underthe terms to be laid down by an organic act.3.In the insular provinces, each island orgroup of islands with a Cabildo or insularCouncil shall be a constituency for the purpo-se of electing Senators; there shall be threeSenators for each of the major islands —GranCanaria, Mallorca and Tenerife— and one foreach of the following islands or groups of is-lands: Ibiza-Formentera, Menorca, Fuerteven-tura, Gomera, Hierro, Lanzarote and La Pal-ma.4.The cities of Ceuta and Melilla shallelect two Senators each.5.The Self-governing Communities shall,in addition, appoint one Senator and a furtherSenator for every million inhabitants in theirrespective territories. The appointment shallbe incumbent upon the Legislative Assemblyor, in default thereof, upon the Self-governingCommunity’s highest corporate body as provi-ded for by its Statute which shall, in any case,guarantee adequate proportional representa-tion.6.The Senate is elected for four years.The Senators’ term of office shall end four ye-ars after their election or on the day on whichthe House is dissolved.

PRESIDENCY
MANUEL CRUZ RODRIGUEZ

PRESIDENCY
MANUEL CRUZ RODRIGUEZ

National level

National level

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Section 41.The flag of Spain consists of three hori-zontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellowstripe being twice as wide as each red stripe.2.The Statutes may recognize flags andensigns of the Self-governing Communities.These shall be used together with the flag of Spain on their public buildings and in their official ceremonies.

GOVERNMENT

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Section 97The Government shall conduct domesticand foreign policy, civil and military administration and the defence of the State. It exercisesexecutive authority and the power of statutory regulations in accordance with the Constitutionand the laws.

PRESIDENT/PRIME MINISTER
Pedro Sánchez(Interin)

PRESIDENT/PRIME MINISTER
Pedro Sánchez(Interin)

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Section 981.The Government shall consist of thePresident, VicePresidents, when appropiate, Ministers and other members as may be crea-ted by law.2.The President shall direct the Governments’ action and coordinate the functions ofthe other members there of, without prejudice to the competence and direct responsability ofthe latter in the discharge of their duties.3.Members of the Government may not perform representative functions other thanthose derived from their parliamentary mandate, nor any other public function not derivingfrom their office, nor engage in any professional or commercial activity whatsoever.4.The status and incompatibilities ofmembers of the Government shall be laid down by law.

Ministers

Ministers

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Section 100The other members of the Government shall be appointed and dismissed by the King at the President’s proposal.

SUPREME COURT

SUPREME COURT

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Section 1231.The Supreme Court, with jurisdiction over the whole of Spain, is the highest judicial body in all branches of justice, except with regard to provisions concerning constitutional guarantees.2.The President of the Supreme Courtshall be appointed by the King, on the General Council of the Judicial Powers’ proposal in the manner to be laid down by the law

PRESIDENCY
Carlos Lesmes Serrano

PRESIDENCY
Carlos Lesmes Serrano

CONSEJO GENERAL DEL PODER JUDICIAL

CONSEJO GENERAL DEL PODER JUDICIAL

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Section 1171.Justice emanates from the people and is administered on behalf of the King by judges and magistrates members of the Judicial Power who shall be independent, shall have fixity of tenure, shall be accountable for their acts and subject only to the rule of law.

CONSTITUTIONAL COURT

CONSTITUTIONAL COURT

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Section 1591.The Constitutional Court shall consist of twelve members appointed by the King. Ofthese, four shall be nominated by the Congress by a majority of three-fifths of its members, four shall be nominated by the Senate with the same majority, two shall be nominated by the Government, and two by the General Council of the Judicial Power.2.Members of the Constitutional Courtshall be appointed among magistrates and prosecutors, university professors, public officials and lawyers, all of whom must have a recognised standing with at least fifteen years’practice in their profession.3.Members of the Constitutional Court shall be appointed for a period of nine years and shall be renewed by thirds every three years.4.Membership of the Constitutional Courtis incompatible with any position of a representative nature, any political or administrative office, a management position in a political party or a trade union as well as any employment in their service, active service as a judgeor prosecutor and any professional or busi-ness activity whatsoever. Incompatibilities for members of the JudicialPower shall also apply to members of theConstitutional Court.5.Members of the Constitutional Courtshall be independent and enjoy fixity of tenureduring their term of office.

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PRESIDENCY
Juan José González Rivas

PRESIDENCY
Juan José González Rivas

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AYUNTAMIENTO

AYUNTAMIENTO

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Artículo 44. El municipio.1. El municipio es la entidad territorial básica de la Comunidad y la institución de participación más directa de los ciudadanos en los asuntos públicos. Tiene personalidad jurídica propia y plena autonomía en el ámbito de sus competencias y en la defensa de los intereses locales que representa.2. Su gobierno, representación y administración corresponde al Ayuntamiento.3. La creación y supresión de 0unicipios, la alteración de términos municipales y la fusión de municipios limítrofes se realizará de acuerdo con la legislación de la Comunidad Autónoma en el marco de la legislación básica del Estado.

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ALCALDÍA
Francisco Guarido Viñuela

ALCALDÍA
Francisco Guarido Viñuela

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Concejalías

Concejalías

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PROVINCE/MUNICIPAL LEVEL

PROVINCE/MUNICIPAL LEVEL

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Artículo 43. Organización territorial.1. Castilla y León se organiza territorialmente en municipios, provincias y demás entidades locales que con tal carácter puedan crearse conforme a la ley.2. Las entidades locales de Castilla y León se regirán por los principios de autonomía, suficiencia financiera, competencia, coordinación, cooperación, responsabilidad, subsidiariedad y lealtad institucional.3. La Comunidad y las entidades locales de Castilla y León promoverán la cohesión y el equilibrio de todos sus territorios, con especial atención a las zonas periféricas y a las más despobladas y desfavorecidas.

DIPUTACIÓN PROVINCIAL

DIPUTACIÓN PROVINCIAL

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Artículo 47. La provincia.1. La provincia, como entidad local, tiene personalidad jurídica propia y capacidad plena para la gestión de sus intereses. Su gobierno y administración están encomendados a la respectiva Diputación. Constituye también división territorial para el cumplimiento de los fines de la Comunidad Autónoma.2. Las competencias de las Diputaciones se fijarán por la legislación básica del Estado y la de la Comunidad Autónoma. En todo caso las Diputaciones ejercerán competencias en el ámbito de la cooperación, asesoramiento y asistencia a municipios y otras entidades locales.Prestarán también servicios supramunicipales de carácter provincial, en el ámbito de las competencias locales, sin perjuicio de las que puedan delegarle o encomendarle las entidades locales de su ámbito territorial o la Comunidad Autónoma.

PRESIDENCIA
Maria Teresa Martín Pozo

PRESIDENCIA
Maria Teresa Martín Pozo

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Diputados delegados

Diputados delegados

AUDENCIA PROVINCIAL

AUDENCIA PROVINCIAL

PRESIDENCIA
D. Jesús Pérez Serna

PRESIDENCIA
D. Jesús Pérez Serna

EUROPEAN UNION

EUROPEAN UNION

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Goals and values of the EUGoalsThe goals of the European Union are:promote peace, its values and the well-being of its citizensoffer freedom, security and justice without internal borderssustainable development based on balanced economic growth and price stability, a highly competitive market economy with full employment and social progress, and environmental protectioncombat social exclusion and discriminationpromote scientific and technological progressenhance economic, social and territorial cohesion and solidarity among EU countriesrespect its rich cultural and linguistic diversityestablish an economic and monetary union whose currency is the euro.ValuesThe EU values are common to the EU countries in a society in which inclusion, tolerance, justice, solidarity and non-discrimination prevail. These values are an integral part of our European way of life:Human dignityHuman dignity is inviolable. It must be respected, protected and constitutes the real basis of fundamental rights.FreedomFreedom of movement gives citizens the right to move and reside freely within the Union. Individual freedoms such as respect for private life, freedom of thought, religion, assembly, expression and information are protected by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.DemocracyThe functioning of the EU is founded on representative democracy. Being a European citizen also means enjoying political rights. Every adult EU citizen has the right to stand as a candidate and to vote in elections to the European Parliament. EU citizens have the right to stand as candidate and to vote in their country of residence, or in their country of origin.EqualityEquality is about equal rights for all citizens before the law. The principle of equality between women and men underpins all European policies and is the basis for European integration. It applies in all areas. The principle of equal pay for equal work became part of the Treaty of Rome in 1957. Although inequalities still exist, the EU has made significant progress.Rule of lawThe EU is based on the rule of law. Everything the EU does is founded on treaties, voluntarily and democratically agreed by its EU countries. Law and justice are upheld by an independent judiciary. The EU countries gave final jurisdiction to the European Court of Justice which judgements have to be respected by all.Human rightsHuman rights are protected by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. These cover the right to be free from discrimination on the basis of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation, the right to the protection of your personal data, and or the right to get access to justice.These goals and values form the basis of the EU and are laid out in the Lisbon Treaty and the EU Charter of fundamental rights.In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for advancing the causes of peace, reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe. From economic to political unionThe European Union is a unique economic and political union between 28 EU countries that together cover much of the continent.The predecessor of the EU was created in the aftermath of the Second World War. The first steps were to foster economic cooperation: the idea being that countries that trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict.The result was the European Economic Community (EEC), created in 1958, and initially increasing economic cooperation between six countries: Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.Since then, 22 other members joined and a huge single market (also known as the 'internal' market) has been created and continues to develop towards its full potential.What began as a purely economic union has evolved into an organization spanning policy areas, from climate, environment and health to external relations and security, justice and migration. A name change from the European Economic Community (EEC) to the European Union (EU) in 1993 reflected this.Stability, a single currency, mobility and growthThe EU has delivered more than half a century of peace, stability and prosperity, helped raise living standards and launched a single European currency: the euro. More than 340 million EU citizens in 19 countries now use it as their currency and enjoy its benefits.Thanks to the abolition of border controls between EU countries, people can travel freely throughout most of the continent. And it has become much easier to live, work and travelabroad in Europe. All EU citizens have the right and freedom to choose in which EU country they want to study, work or retire. Every EU country must treat EU citizens in exactly the same way as its own citizens for employment, social security and tax purposes.The EU's main economic engine is the single market. It enables most goods, services, money and people to move freely. The EU aims to develop this huge resource to other areas like energy, knowledge and capital markets to ensure that Europeans can draw the maximum benefit from it.Transparent and democratic institutionsThe EU remains focused on making its governing institutions more transparent and democratic. Decisions are taken as openly as possible and as closely as possible to the citizen.More powers have been given to the directly elected European Parliament, while national parliaments play a greater role, working alongside the European institutions.The EU is governed by the principle of representative democracy, with citizens directly represented at Union level in the European Parliament and Member States represented in the European Council and the Council of the EU.European citizens are encouraged to contribute to the democratic life of the Union by giving their views on EU policies during their development or suggest improvements to existing laws and policies. The European citizens' initiative empowers citizens to have a greater say on EU policies that affect their lives. Citizens can also submit complaints and enquiries concerning the application of EU law.The EU in the worldTradeThe European Union is the largest trade block in the world. It is the world's biggest exporter of manufactured goods and services, and the biggest import market for over 100 countries.Free trade among its members was one of the EU's founding principles. This is possible thanks to the single market. Beyond its borders, the EU is also committed to liberalising world trade.Humanitarian aidThe EU is committed to helping victims of man-made and natural disasters worldwide and supports over 120 million people each year. Collectively, the EU and its constituent countries are the world's leading donor of humanitarian aid.Diplomacy and securityThe EU plays an important role in diplomacy and works to foster stability, security and prosperity, democracy, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law at international level.

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EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

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Role: Directly-elected EU body with legislative, supervisory, and budgetary responsibilitiesMembers: 751 MEPs (Members of the European Parliament)President: Antonio TajaniEstablished in: 1952 as Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community, 1962 as European Parliament, first direct elections in 1979Location: Strasbourg (France), Brussels (Belgium), Luxembourg

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PRESIDENCY
Antonio Tajani

PRESIDENCY
Antonio Tajani

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

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Role: Promotes the general interest of the EU by proposing and enforcing legislation as well as by implementing policies and the EU budgetMembers: A team or 'College' of Commissioners, 1 from each EU countryPresident: Jean-Claude JunckerYear established: 1958Location: Brussels (Belgium)

PRESIDENCY
Jean-Claude Juncker

PRESIDENCY
Jean-Claude Juncker

Commissioners

Commissioners

COURTS OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (CJEU)

COURTS OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (CJEU)

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Role: Ensuring EU law is interpreted and applied the same in every EU country; ensuring countries and EU institutions abide by EU law.Members:Court of Justice:1 judge from each EU country, plus 11 advocates generalGeneral Court: 47 judges. In 2019 this will be increased to 56 (2 judges from each EU country).Established in: 1952Location: Luxembourg

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COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

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Role: Voice of EU member governments, adopting EU laws and coordinating EU policiesMembers: Government ministers from each EU country, according to the policy area to be discussedPresident: Each EU country holds the presidency on a 6-month rotating basisEstablished in: 1958 (as Council of the European Economic Community)Location: Brussels (Belgium)

Ministers of each EU country

EUROPEAN COUNCIL

EUROPEAN COUNCIL

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Role: Defines the general political direction and priorities of the European UnionMembers: Heads of state or government of EU countries, European Council President, European Commission PresidentPresident: Donald TuskEstablished in: 1974 (informal forum), 1992 (formal status), 2009 (official EU institution)Location: Brussels (Belgium)

PRESIDENCY
Donald Tusk

PRESIDENCY
Donald Tusk

HEAD OF STATE AND HEAD OF GOVERNMENT OF EU MEMBERS

HEAD OF STATE AND HEAD OF GOVERNMENT OF EU MEMBERS

AUTONOMIC LEVEL

AUTONOMIC LEVEL

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Artículo 2. Ámbito territorial.El territorio de la Comunidad de Castilla y León comprende el de los municipios integrados en las actuales provincias de Ávila, Burgos, León, Palencia, Salamanca, Segovia, Soria, Valladolid y Zamora.Artículo 6. Símbolos de la Comunidad y fiesta oficial.1. Los símbolos de identidad exclusiva de la Comunidad de Castilla y León son el blasón, la bandera, el pendón y el himno de Castilla y León.2. La fiesta oficial de la Comunidad es el 23 de abril.3. El blasón de Castilla y León es un escudo timbrado por corona real abierta, cuartelado en cruz o contracuartelado. El primer y cuarto cuarteles: en campo de gules, un castillo de oro almenado de tres almenas, mamposteado de sable y clarado de azur. El segundo y tercer cuarteles: en campo de plata, un león rampante de púrpura, linguado, uñado y armado de gules, coronado de oro.4. La bandera de Castilla y León es cuartelada y contiene los símbolos de Castilla y León, conforme se han descrito en el apartado anterior. La bandera ondeará en todos los centros y actos oficiales de la Comunidad, a la derecha de la bandera española.5. El pendón vendrá constituido por el escudo cuartelado sobre un fondo carmesí tradicional.6. Cada provincia y municipio conservarán las banderas y emblemas que les son tradicionales.7. El himno y los demás símbolos de la Comunidad de Castilla y León se regularán mediante ley específica.8. La protección jurídica de los símbolos de Castilla y León es la que corresponde a los símbolos del Estado.