The Reading Process
Making Connenction between Theory and Practice.
Emphasizes that prior knowledge must be activated inorder to be useful.
There were no title is is provided in order to demonstrate the difficulty in comprehending material for which no prior knowledge, although available, has been activated.
Passage 2 pg. 25
The second passage illustrates the importance of activating appropriate prior knowledge. Failure to do so can lead to confusion and misinterpretation of the text. Seeing it from a prisoner and wrestler point of view seems similar to each other.
Passage 3 pg. 26
The importance of the second passage is simple. The demonstration o "Prior Knowledge" is sufficient to comprehending.
Prior Knowledge and Schema Theory
Prior knowledge can cover a wide range of ideas, skills, and attitudes.
What a person already knows about a topic probably the single most influential factor with respect to what he or she will learn.
Cognitive psychologists use the word schema to describe how people organize the raw data of everyday experiences into meaningful patterns.
Schemata operate similarly in reading. They act as a kind of mental filing system from which the individual can retrieve existing knowledge and into which new information can be filed.
A Cognitive View
Integration of existing knowledge
Flexible use of strategies
Monitor
Regulate
Maintain comprehension
Ground Zero
Phonetic Alphabet
Words/Lexis
Parts of speech
nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, preposition, interjection
Cooper and Petrosky
"in reading, the brain supplies more information than it receives from the eye about the text."