looks at multi-abilities of students
Unsupported today
Allows for broader
Inclusive elements of intelligence
believed
Inclusion of individual skills valued in diverse cultures
Non-inclusive and limiting

Theoretical concepts of intelligence

Historical concepts

Francis Galton's theory of genetics influencing mental abilities

Formed a movement called Eugenics Society, arguing for specific selecting of humans to improve intelligence in society (O’Donnell, et al, 2016).

Louis Leon Thurstone's model of intelligence consisting of seven primary mental abilities.

Thurstone’s approach to intelligence was broader than previous theories, allowing for a deeper understanding of mental abilities. His approach to intelligence challenged (Kovacs & Conway, 2016).

Mental abilities 1. verbal comprehension
2. word fluency
3. number facility
4. spatial visualisation
5. associate memory
6. perceptual speed
7. reasoning (O’Donnell, et al, 2016).

Charles Spearman`s views of intelligence being one general factor (g) plus other specific mental abilities (s) (O’Donnell, et al, 2016).

Spearman believed intelligence could be expressed numerically and was a general cognitive process (Kovacs & Conway, 2016).

Current concepts

Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of
intelligence

Intelligence is a combination of three different elements 1. Analytical intelligence - problem solving abilities.
2. Creative intelligence - capacity to deal with new situations
3. Practical intelligence - ability to adapt to a changing environment (Winthrop University, n.d.).

Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence

Eight kinds of intelligence 1. Visual-spatial intelligence
2. Verbal-linguistic intelligence
3. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
4. Logical-mathematical intelligence
5. Interpersonal intelligence
6. Musical intelligence
7. Intrapersonal intelligence
8. Naturalistic intelligence (O’Donnell, et al, 2016).

Useful (or not) in current diverse classroom setting

Classroom instruction developed through being aware of how students use their intelligence in different ways, can prompt the learner to gain confidence to develop new skills (Northern Illinois University, n.d.).

Numerical scores, such as IQ results, is not a proper indication of a person`s intelligence (Lincon, n.d.)

Benefits

Teachers can teach students how to think. (Winthrop University, n.d.).