Chemical Trends

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Da

1/12 mass

Carbon 12 atom

Bohr Rutherford

spherical

Water

Hydrogen gas + Base

Acid

Heat+Light

Effective nuclear charge

Trends

Ionisation Energy

atomic number

increases

energy

an electron

Electronegativity

tendency to attract

bond

group

Electron Affinity

electron is attached

period

charge

valence electron

negligible

Atomic Radius

distance

down the group

across the period

small

picometer

closer

Electron Shielding

number

Sidenote: exceptions for "generally" in QM

ENC

more electrons

Nuclear charge

Atomic Number

Protons

electrons

Coulomb's Law

Matter

Atoms

periodic table

periods

groups

elements

isotopes

atomic mass

same element

neutrons

radioisotopes

radioactive

gamma radiation

beta radiation

alpha radiation

decays

half-life

exponential

neutron count

proton count

Atomic Structure

Quantum Model

Electron

clouds of uncertainty

shells

subshells

cloverleaf

dumbbell

sphere

heisenberg uncertainty principle

momentum

position

same time

-1

Neutron

no charge

nucleus

centered in atom

Proton

+1

elementary charge

smallest possible charge

positively charged

Simplified models

diagrams

Conceptualization

properties, trends, etc

Chemical Trends

Group Trends

Group 17

Anion

1 Electron

Stable shell

Extremely Reactive

Halogens

Non metals

Group 1

Cation

outer shell full

More reactive

Alkali Metals

Metals