door Allison Schellenberg 4 jaren geleden
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Meer zoals dit
equivalent of matrix in mitochondria
synthesize proteins
stores genetic material
stack of thylakoid
intermembrane space
Matrix
Inner membrane (folded into cristae)
DNA
free ribosomes
Outside of ER/ nuclear envelope: bound ribosomes
Cytosol: free ribosomes
Continuous with nuclear envelope
Smooth ER
-No attached ribosomes -Synthesizes lipids -Metabolizes carbs -Detoxifies drugs and poison -Stores Calcium ions
Rough ER
-Surface studded with ribosomes -Bound ribosomes secrete glycoproteins -Distribute transport vesicles -Known as membrane factory of cell
-Food Vacuoles: when cells engulf food or other particles -Contractile Vacuoles: pumps excess water out of cell (found in freshwater protists)
-packed with enzymes -function in acid pH -H+ pumped to maintain low pH
Phagocytosis
-Made of different sacs -Vesicles transported from ER to out of Golgi apparatus
Lamina: lines in the inner surface that protect the integrity
Pores: help transport molecules in and out of cell
Site of rRNA synthesis
1 gene codes for 1+ proteins
Attach to Enhancer
Attach to promoter/proximal control element
pre-mRNA
Enhancer
Increased Expression
Basal Level Expression
Low level of protein production
RNA Polymerase
Glucose present
Activator
Turns gene expression on
Repressor
Turns gene expression off
Receptor activates phosphorylation Cascade
Activation of a Transcription Factor
Transcription
Gene Expression
Inactive G-Protein
Activated G-Protein
Adenylyl Cyclase
cAMP Formed
AMP Formed
Protein Kinase A
Relay Molecule is Releases
Inactive Protein Kinase 1
Active Protein Kinase 1
Inactive Protein Kinase 2
Active Protein Kinase 2
Inactive Protein Kinase 3
Active Protein Kinase 3
Inactive Protein
Active Protein
Cellular Response
protein moves to Rough ER
transported via vesicle
moves to golgi
moves through plasma membrane
universal starting point
polypeptide growth
wobble
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Harsh chemicals
Extreme drying
Extreme temperatures
Protein synthesis
DNA that is separate from chromosomes
Jelly fluid within cell
region where cell's DNA is located
Slime layer
Avoids phagocytosis from WBCs
Capsule
Sticky layer