General Theory of Stress and Strain in Materials

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Factor of Safety, N

Ultimate Strength / Working Strength

Mechanical Properties

Elastic Bulk Modulus

P = -K(ΔV/Vo)

K = E / 3(1-2v)

symbol, K

measure of the ability of a substance to withstand changes in volume when under compression on all sides

Elastic Shear Modulus

measure of the ability of a material to resist transverse deformations

τ = Gγ

G = E / 2(1+v)

Shear stress/shear strain

symbol, G

Resilience

the ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically, and release that energy upon unloading.

Toughness

the strength with which the material opposes rupture

Ductilty

ability of a material to sustain a large permanent deformation

%EL = [(Lf – Lo) / Lo] x 100 %RA = [(Ao – Af) / Ao] x 100

Poisson's Ratio

Lateral Strain / Longitudinal Strain

ν = εL / ε

Permanent Deformation

Reversible Deformation

General Theory of Stress and Strain in Materials

Figure out new words by learning about the individual meanings of suffixes and prefixes.

Stress-Strain Curve

Plastic State

Fracture Point

Breaking Stress

Ultimate Yield Point

Ultimate Stress

Ultimate Yield Strength

Lower Yield Point

Elastic State

Elastic Yield Point

Yield Strength

unit, Pa, psi

Proportional Limit

Yonge's Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity

measures how aeasily a material streches or deforms

rise/run

E = Stress/Strain

symbol, E unit, gPa

Hooke's Law

σ = E ε

Strain

Do you know what a 'prefix' is?

A prefix is an affix placed before a word, base, or another prefix to modify a term's meaning.

Shear Strain

sideways force exerted on a medium

Volumetric Strain

(ΔV/Vo)

Longitudinal Strain

ε = δ / Lo

Lateral Strain

εL = -δL / wo

unit, unitless

unit, Pa or psi

Stress

Do you know what a 'suffix' is?

A suffix is an affix placed at the end of the root word, which can change its tense and/or meaning.

Shear Stress

τ = Fs / Ao

Fs = shear force Ao = original area (before loading)

Normal Stress

Tensile Stress

σ = Ft / Ao

Fs = tensile force Ao = original area (before loading)

Compressive Stress

τ = F / Ao

F = compressive force Ao = original area (before loading)