Kidney

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Kidney

Through the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS), kidneys co-ordinate with cardiovascular system and central nervous system, control blood pressure

Faillure of blood preesure control will to lead to an abnormal BP

abnormal BP will cause problem in Cardio-vascular system. Low BP will compromise hearth effectiveness. High BP can cause stroke

Filter out many waste product, environmental toxin into the urine for excretion.

failure to filter waste will increase unsafe level of waste and toxins in blood, uremia

Death

Convert Vitamin D, important for mineral metabolism and bone growth

failure of Vit D convection will lead to Vit D deficiency

Vit D deficiency will: decrease the immune system and make vulnerable to sickness. Fatigue

Renal tubule cells excrete hydrogen ions when the blood is to acidic and excrete bicarbonate ions when the blood is too alkaline. Maintain control over PH

in case of Failure of PH control, Blood will be too acidic or alkaline

Acidose has pro-inflammatery effect, exacerbate hyperkalemia while alkalosis potentiate detrimental effects of hypokalemia

Secrete erythropoietin when a low O2 level is detected to make red blood cells to increase O2 carrying capacity

Reduce of erythropoietin will lead to decrease of Red blood cells which will cause anemia

weakness, tiredness, SOB, fatigue

With Hormone control, nephrons excrete and reabsorb fluid and electrolyte in response to the needs of the body. Control fluid and electrolyte balance

Failure of fluid and electrolyte balance will lead to Hypovolemia, hypernatremia or hypervolemia, hyponatremia

Dehydration, weakness or swelling, edema, respiratory problems