New France inquiry, 1713-1800
The Acadia colony
The Acadian had a good relation with the First Nations with deeds such as being friendly to them, and the Mi'kmaq tribe helping them settle to their new location.
They were not particularly loyal to the First Nation Partners.
The Acadians separated themselves from the French, prompting different behaviours.
They didn't have the seigneurs' system.
Church was still a big part of their lives.
Good Relationship with the First Nation people.
Samuel de Champlain, started a colony on the shores of the Bay of Fundy called Acadia
Importance of the Fur Trade
The Fur trade got established with Jacques Cartier arriving to the New World for fish and fur.
Which started a high demand of fur in Europe.
Samuel de Champlain, started an organization of 100 associates, which set up a permanent trading post in Quebec City.
The Hudson Bay company was the British Trading post.
The fur trade had a giant impact on the First Nation's lives.
They were skilled at trapping, which prompted the start of the trade.
It increased conflicts between the Haudenosaunee and Algonquins to take control of the St. Lawrence River.
First Nation's had to travel long distances to trade, impacting daily life.
French men started relationships with the First Nation women, starting the Métis tribe.
The fur trade was needed for the Europeans to survive the harsh Canadian weather.
It created an economy.
It gave the First Nation's access to tools and metals.
Daily Life (Economy, Employment and Transportation)
Transportation used in New France was Snowshoes, trips by river took days, trips by road took months, canoes were popular and horse and carriage.
The fur trade was a big part of the economy for the French and British.
New France collected raw material and sent it back to France, and manufactures would send products to the colonies.
The HBC controlled the British fur trade
The jobs men did were farming, fishing, hunting and being fur traders.
Women would work as nuns, nurses, teachers and be hostesses at hostels or taverns.
Daily Life (Clothing, Food and Gender Roles)
The jobs women did in New France were sent to be brides for the fur trade, expected to raise children and feed and clothe their family.
Men worked in farms and participate in the fur trade.
The food that was eaten was wheat, peas, oats, rye, barley, and maize.
Also, they ate potatoes, corn, and squash, bird, fish, and edible plants
The clothing men wore was jackets and knee breeches.
The women wore blouses and skirts made out of linen or cloth.
In the winter, everyone wore mittens, moose leather boots, coats, and boots lined with beaver fur.
The role of the Roman Catholic Church in New France
The church had many changes on the First Nation's people live such as wanting to convert the people, and to imposing their way of life on the First Nation's people
The Initial purpose of the Roman Catholic Church was not just for spiritual matters. The church was involved with the daily lives of settlers. Also, responsible for keeping records.
Relationships between French and First Nations in New France.
The relation overtime became more and more sour. As conflict between these, the groups spiralled. Also, the French wanted to control the land that the First Nation's learned to love.
The French wanted a ton of First Nations people to convert to the Roman Catholic religion.
Initial relationship between the French and First Nations was fairly positive.
With the First Nations acting as guides, supplied cure to diseases, helped with shelter, and they shared a ton of knowledge between each other.
The also traded with each other
Settlements patterns in New France
The most common type of Settlement pattern in
New France was the Seigneurs system.
It was a form of land distribution started in New France where 80% of population lived in rural areas.
The Seigneurs owned the land, and could establish law, operate a mill and organize a community.
Grants licenses for hunting, fishing, etc.
The Habitants were the farmers who directly farmed the land.
Needed to pay rent to farm.
Habitants engaged in up keeping farming to meet their needs.
Government in New France
The New France government followed the
Hierarchical system where there are distinct levels of power. The top of the system was the king, followed by the Governor and Intendant.
The Intendant was another official responsible for
finance and justice.
Was usually a commoner.
Oversaw activities in the colony.
Jean Talon was the Intendant from 1665 to 1668
for France's northern territories in Canada.
He conducted a census of the population.
Organized building of sawmills, shipbuilding docks and a brewery.
Increased New France's trade.
Increased immigration from France.
Increased New France's overall wealth.
The Governor was the highest Official in New France who is responsible for seeing the king's orders, appointing the sovereign council, taxes and who pays them, laws and relationship between other groups in the area. The First Governor was named Louis de Buade, Count Frontenac.
