Prokaryotes

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INTODUCTION TO PROKARYOTES

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Prokaryotes

Size

very large

600 x 80 μm

Average

0.6 μm

Smallest

0.3 μm

Shape

Additional

No fixed shape

Pleomorphic

Unusual

Triangular

Square

Star shape

Spiral

Spirochete

Spirullum

Bacilli

Pallisades

Streptobacilli

Diplobacilli

Cocci

Sarcianae

Tetradcocci

Staphyllococci

Sreptococci

Diplococci

Structure external to cell wall

Pili

join bacterial cells in preparation for the transfer of DNA

only one or two per cell

Longer than fimbriae

Fimbriae

a few to several hundred

evenly dsitributed over entire surface of the cell

at the pole of the cell

Axial Filaments

spiral around cell

Bundle of fibrils arises at the end of the cell

Flagella

Type of motility

Swarm

rapid wavelike movement

Tumbles

runs interrupted by periodic,abrupt, random changes in direction abrupt, random changes in direction

Run or Swim

moves in one direction for a length of time of time

Number & Arrangement

Petritrichous

Spread over entire surface of cell

Lophotrichous

Cluster of flagella at one or both ends

Subtopic

Amphitrichous

one flagellum at each end of cell

Monotrichous

one flagellum

Glycocalyx

Functions

Protect cell from dehydration

Attachment to various surface

Protection from phagocytosis

Made of sugar

EPS

Unorganized

Slime layer

organized

capsule

Cell wall

Gram negative

high

outer membrane

absent

peptidoglycan layer

stain red

Gram positive

Lipopolysaccharide

none

Outer membrane

Periplasmic space

Absent

Teichoic acid

present

Peptidoglycan layer

many layer

Gram reaction

stain purple