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Inorganic Qualitative Analysis

basic radicals or( cations)

Group VI

They have no common reagent

Flame test:

a golden yellow

Sodium (Na+)

Potassium (K+)

Magnesium(Mg+)

Salt solution + Sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH):

Ammonium(NH4+)

Group V : Ammonium Carbonate Group

Salt Solution + NH4Cl solid + NH4OH solution + (NH4)2CO3

go to step 6

Gives white ppt,Flame test

green colour

Barium Ba2+

a crimson red

Strontium Sr2+

a brick red

Calcium Ca2+

Group Iv: Ammonium Sulphide Group

Group III: Ammonium Hydroxide Group

go to step 4

reddish brown gelatinous ppt

Iron(III), Ferric ,Fe+3

dirty green precipitate

Iron(II), Ferrous,Fe+2

grayish green

Chromium Cr+3

white gelatinous

Aluminum Al+3

Group II: Acid Sulphide Group

go step 3

***Sub Group II – B***Salt Solution + dil . HC1 + hydrogen Sulphide Solution (H2S )

yellow ppt

Tin ( IV ) Stannics Sn ++++

Tin ( II ) Stannous Sn ++

orang red ppt

Antimony Sb +++

***Sub-group II-A***Salt solution +dil. HCl + hydrogen Sulphide solution (H2S)

Salt solution + (solid) (NH4Cl) + (NH4OH) + solution(H2S)

go to step 5

Gives a black ppt

Nickel Ni+2

Gives a black ppt.

Cobalt Co+2

Gives a buff ppt

Manganese Mn+2

Gives a white ppt

Zinc Zn+2

Mercury(II),Mercuric Hg++

a brown ppt

Bismuth Bi+++

black ppt

Copper Cu++

canary yellow

Cadmium Cd++

Group I: Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Group

go step 2

Salt solution + dil. Hydrochloric acid

** White ppt ** Salt solution + potassium chromate solution (K2CrO4))

brown ppt

Mercury (I) Mercurous Hg22+

A yellow ppt.

Lead Pb++

brick red ppt

Silver Ag+

acid radicals or (anions)

3) Salt solution + BaCl2:

white precipitate

Salt solution +AgNO3

white ppt

sulphate

white ppt which give brown ppt. after boiling

borate.

phosphate

2) Solid salt + conc. H2SO4:

(Go to step 3).

-ve If a small piece of copper metal and drops of water are added, dense brown fumes

Tha anion is Nitrate

Violet fumes are evolved, and a brown or black

The anion is iodide.

Raddish fumes

The anion is Bromide.

colourless gas

The anion is chloride.

1) Solid salt + dil. HCl:

Observation

-ve

(Go to step 2).

paper black

The anion is sulphide

yellow precipitate

The anion is thiosulphate.

Colourless gas with Pungent odour

The anion is sulphite

Pungent brown fumes are evolved.

The anion is Nitrite

Effervescence and a colourless odouless gas is evolved.

The anion is carbonate or bicarbonate .

1 )Salt solution + magnesium sulphate solution

No ppt

bicarbonate

White precipitate

carbonate