Animal systems

Three main digestive enzymes

Amylase: breaks starch into glucose

Protease: breaks protein into amino acids

Lipase: fat breaks into fatty acids and glycerol

Energy

Lipids: used for storing energy,

Carbohydrates: needed by all body cells as energy so nerve cells can operate

Proteins: provide structure and support

Minerals and vitamins

Vitamins: Does not obtain energy but can assist with energy related processes

Minerals: bodies need to develop and function normally

Types of digestion

Physical/Mechanicalbreaks down food into smaller pieces using teeth

Chemical: enzymes and water break down food so it is absorbed

4 stages of digestion

ingestion: Taking the nutrients

Digestion: breakdown of complex organic molecules into smaller components by enzymes

Absorption: transport of digested nutrients to tissues

Elimination: removal of waste food materials

Structures

Mouth

breaks down food and lubricates it

Esophogus

where food travels

Stomach

food storage

Large intestine

stores wastes so minerals and vitamins can be absorbed

Small intestine

breakdown and absorption of remaining proteins and carbohydrates

Liver

detoxifying blood

Gallbladder

stores bile

4 stages

1. Breathing
air enters leaves the lungs

2. External Respiration
Exchange of gases between lungs and blood

3. Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases between blood and cell tissue

4. Cellular Respiration
perform various functions in the body

Open Transport System

insets heart pumps a single circular vessel

Closed Transport System

circulates in one direction