Motivational Concepts
Main topic
Maslow's Hierarchy
Key Terms
Self-transcendence needs
Self-actualization needs
Esteem needs
Belongingness and love needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs
Description
Pyramid of needs
Most basic (bottom) to most complex (top) needs
Higher in the pyramid=better off you are
Example
A successful doctor retires knowing that he saved countless lives, serving a purpose in life and is respected and loved by his family is most likely higher on the pyramid, meeting his self-transcendence needs. However, a homeless man in Haiti struggling to find food for the day is struggling with the most basic level; to satisfy physiological needs.
Arousal Theory
Key Terms
Arousal
Curiosity
Optimal Arousal
Infovores
Description
Look for ways to increase stimulation
Natural curiosity
Explore environment and area around us
Example
A young child, taken to a candy store, explores all of the options before making a choice
Drive-reduction Theory
Key Terms
Homeostasis
Motivation
Reinforcement
Hierarchy of needs
Secondary reinforcers
Primary drives
Tension
Secondary drives
Primary reinforcers
Description
Psychological desire
Desire to learn
Needs and drives
Decision making inferences
Motivation to do things
Behaviors towards situations
Example
Secondary drive, simple strategy: you have been hungry in the past, you will be hungry in the future, to get food you need money, you go to work to get money, with money you buy food to eat.
Instinct Theory
Key Terms
Naming
Self- abasement instinct
Instinct
Self- association instinct
Explaining
Description
A complex behavior that must have fixed patterns.
naming instead of explaining
Tend to fail explaining motives underlying that genes predispose species-typical behavior.
Example
Talking("explaining") to other children on their eating habits and how they tend to talk about how low it takes to eat dinner with others and how some tend to say they like to savor the taste labels them as a "slow eater" rather the ones that just engulf everything tends to be a "fast eater"(naming). - naming it is not explaining it to others