Brain Structure

The cerebral cortex is the thin layer of the brain that covers the outer portion (1.5mm to 5mm) of the cerebrum. It is covered by the meninges and often referred to as gray matter. The cortex is gray because nerves in this area lack the insulation that makes most other parts of the brain appear to be white. The cortex also covers the cerebellum.The cortex makes up about two-thirds of the brain's total mass and lies over and around most of the brain's structures. It consists of folded bulges called gyri that create deep furrows or fissures called sulci. The folds in the brain add to its surface area and increase the amount of gray matter and the quantity of information that can be processed.

The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem-solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviours. It is, in essence, the “control panel” of our personality and our ability to communicate.It is also responsible for primary motor function, or our ability to consciously move our muscles, and the two key areas related to speech, including Broca’s area.The frontal lobe is larger and more developed in humans than in any other organism.As its name indicates, the frontal lobe is at the front of the brain. The right hemisphere of the frontal lobe controls the left part of the body, and vice versa.

The parietal lobe is one of the major lobes in the brain, roughly located at the upper back area in the skull.It processes sensory information it receives from the outside world, mainly relating to touch, taste, and temperature.Damage to the parietal lobe may lead to dysfunction in the senses. There are also some health conditions associated with parietal lobe damage.The parietal lobe is one of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex in humans. It sits near the upper back portion of the skull, close to the parietal bone

The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex. It is the lower lobe of the cortex, sitting close to ear level within the skull.The temporal lobe is largely responsible for creating and preserving both conscious and long-term memory. It plays a role in visual and sound processing and is crucial for both object recognition and language recognition.Dysfunction in the temporal lobe may cause dysfunction in the mind.A few chronic conditions have an association with temporal lobe damage. 

The occipital lobe is the part of the human brain responsible for interpreting information from the eyes and turning it into the world as a person sees it.The occipital lobe has four different sections, each of which is responsible for different visual functions.Disorder in the occipital lobe may cause disorder in the vision or the brain itself. There may also be a link between the occipital lobe and conditions such as epilepsy.

The brainstem, area at the base of the brain that lies between the deep structures of the cerebral hemispheres and the cervical spinal cord and that serves a critical role in regulating certain involuntary actions of the body, including heartbeat and breathing.The brainstem (brain stem) is the distal part of the brain that is made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of the three components has its own unique structure and function. Together, they help to regulate breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and several other important functions.