Pathogenic Gram(+) Microbes

Form Endospores

B. Cereus

Enterotoxins

Food poisoning (Rice)

Vomiting/Diarrhea

Vancomycin

Heat labile/stable

Characteristics

Motile

NO protein capsule

B. Anthracis

Characteristics

Facultative Anaerobe

Bamboo-like chains

Herbivores

Sheep

Goats

Cattle

Exotoxin

Edema Factor (A)

Protective Antigen (B)

Lethal Factor (A)

Treatment

PA Vaccine

Ciprofloxacin

Doxycycline

Aerobes

Corynebacterium / Listeria

Motile / Cold enrichment

L. monocytogenes

Characteristics

Colonization

Intestinal

Intracellular Spread

Tumbling @ Room Temp.

Epi

Transmission

Foodborne

Unpasteurized Dairy

Intrauterine

Those @ Risk

Pregnant & septic

Neonates

Meningitis

Elderly

HIV

Toxins

Listeriolysin O

Phospholipases

Treatment

Penicillin / Ampicillin

No vaccine

Corynebacterium

C. ulcerans

Can cause mild disease

C. jeikeium

I-suppressed

Nosocomial

Catheters / Heart Valves

Bacteremia

C. diptheriae

Characteristics

Colonization

Nasopharynx

Club-shaped

Epi

Carriers

Asymptomatic (Oral)

Immune (Skin)

Transmission

Respiratory Droplets

Direct Contact

Rare in U.S.

Reservoir

Human ONLY

Toxin

Exotoxin (Coded by phage)

Blocks protein synthesis (A)

ADP-ribosylates EF-2

Tetracycline Analog

Cardiac/Neural Tissue (B)

Lethal @ 0.1 ug/kg

Treatment

Antitoxin

Penicillin / Erythromycin

DPT Vaccine

Diptheria

Toxoid (B)

Reimmu. every 10 yrs.

Pertussis

Tetanus

Diagnosis

Tellurite medium

Elek Immunodiffusion

Catalase

Facultative anaerobes

Aerobic preferred

Catalase

Coagulase

S.Aureus

Enzymes

Protective

Protein A

Coagulase

Hemolysins

Leukocidins

Penicillinase

Tissue-Destroying

Hyaluonidase

Staphylokinase

Lipase

Exotoxin

Exfoliatin

Scalded Skin Syndrome

Enterotoxins

Gastroenteritis (Food Poisoning)

TSST-1

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Treatment

Anti-staph penicillins

Resist Beta-lactamase

Nafcillin

Methicillin

First Gen. Cephalosporin

Cephalothin

MRSA

I.V. Vanco

Clinical

Cutaneous

Boils

Impetigo

Furuncles

Folliculitis

Systemic

Bacteremia

TSS

SSS

Purpura fulminans

Inflammation

Osteomyelitis

Arthritis

Endocarditis

Food Poisoning

Modified Oxidase

Micrococcus

No Treatment required

Opportunistic

Immunocompromised

Packets of 8!

Novobiocin

S. saprophyticus

UTI

Sexually-active women

Penicillin

S. epidermidis

Clinical

Nosocomial inf.

High Resistance

Vancomycin

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole + rifampin

Other

S. lugdenensis

S. hemolyticus

PYR

Vanco

Hemolysis

Complete (β)

Bacitracin "A"

S. Pyogenes (GAS)

Clinical

Pharyngitis "Strep Throat"

Skin

Impetigo

Cellulitis

Erysipelas

Puerperal sepsis

Systemic

Scarlet Fever

TSS

Necrotizing Fasciitis

Post-Strep

Acute Rheumatic fever

Glomerulonephritis

Treatment

Penicillin

Cephalosporin

CAMP

S. agalactiae (GBS)

Neonatal meningitis

Penicillin

Partial (α)

Optochin "P"

S. Pneumoniae

Asplenic

Lancet-shaped

Treatment

Penicillin

Cefotaxime

Vanco

Vaccine

Asplenic

w/ Heart disease

w/ Lung disease

Quellung

S. Viridans

Clinical

Dental Carries

Bacteremia

Endocarditis

Bile Esculin

6.5% NaCl / PYR

x 2: Enterococcus (GDS)

x 2: S. Bovis (GDS)

Think colon cancer