National Unity

Residential Schools

Experience

Trauma

Intergenerational Trauma

Graduates coming out of these schools

Graduates didn't remember their family

Were left homeless

Some already had children due to the rape

The survivors children grew up in
the same environments as their
parents and so they also grew up
homeless, addicted to drugs and
essentially bad people

Some former students families didn't recognise
their children because of all the changes their
children had gone through.

Children didn't recognise their families either

Parents of children who had been taken

Fell into depression

Committed suicide

Lost children: can't find their children

Substance abuse

Drugs

Jailed for trying to get their kids back

Children dead

Abuse

Sexual

Molested

Raped

Physical

Beaten

Given labour jobs

Psychological

Isolated

Verbal

Yelled at

Spoken to in a demeaning way

Identity

Family made to look bad

Made to forget who they were

Loose cultural ties

No more cultural clothes

Cannot speak native language

Assimilation

Cultural

Forced out of culture

Culture made to look bad

Emotional

Isolated

Assimilation

Pushed out of culture

'Killing the Indian in the child"

Savage

Taught new ways of life

Change of clothes

Made to wear European clothes

Their long traditional hair was cutoff

All were kids had the same hair cut

Not allowed to speak their language

Only allowed to speak English or French

Education

Language

English

French

Religion

Christianity

Christmas

Jesus

Thanksgiving

Easter

Jesus

Halloween

American/European Way Of Life

Farmwork

Cooking

Cleaning

Field Work

Laundry work

Many never made it out of these schools
many died in these schools

Reserves

Life

Totally controlled

Couldn't practice culture

Isolated

No resources for food to hunt

No clean water

Sometimes no water at all

Location

Far from other people
and essentially civilization

Far from water any clean water
reserves and reserves in general

Far from any resources

Could be kicked off of reserves
whenever the government felt it was necessary

Camp land was muddy and uneven

Camp couldn't be easily set up there

Land couldn't be farmed

Treaties

Indian Act

Banned traditional dances

Denied any woman status

Introduced residential schools

FN's not allowed to leave reserves without permission

Renamed people on these reserves with European names

FN's not allowed to make political organizations

Could lease out parts of reserve to other people whenever needed

Created reserves

Could take reserve property away

Could move an entire reserve

Only FN's going to university with rights

Prohibited sale of arms to FN's

FN's not allowed to speak their language

Prohibited sale of alcohol to FN"s

Gaining Suffrage:
The right to vote

People who fought for the right

The Famous Five:
A group of five women
who got together and fought
for the right to vote. They
made really big impacts
back then.

Emily Murphy

Judge

Leader of the Famous Five

Henrietta Muir Edwards

Women's rights activist
and reformer

Nellie McClung

Canadian author

Politician

Social activist

Suffragette

Louise Crummy McKinney

Canadian politician

Women's rights activist

First woman sworn into the
Legislative Assembly of Alberta

First woman elected to a
legislature in the British Empire

Irene Parlby

Canadian women's farm leader

Women's activist

Canadian politician

Granted

Women gained the right to vote in 1928

Each province gave women
the right to vote in different years

Rejection

The women's suffrage pleas
were rejected many times;
However this didn't stop
women from continuing to
fight. These women fought
no matter the circumstances.

Rallies

Women rallied a lot for their rights
specifically for suffrage

Women rallying for suffrage came
from all different parts of Canada.
All there for the same cause.

Many women were beaten at
these rallies and jailed for voicing
thier concerns.

November, 1917 women rallying
outside the White House were
beaten and tortured by guards.

Person's Case

Decided that women were
eligible to sit in the senate

Considered women as people

Military Voter's Act

Women who had relatives
in the army could vote

Made so that the government would
get people to vote pro conscription

Work

Women worked as

Secretaries

Nurses

Teachers

Tailors

Factory workers

Bus Drivers

Women took on these jobs during the war.
When the men came back they had no jobs.
So they decided upon kicking the women out
of the workforce.

Flapper

Women of the roaring 20's were called flappers

These women put themselves
out there more than ever

dress

knee high skirts

knee high socks

heels

revealing clothing

lots of feathers on clothing

wore lots of makeup

hair cut in a short bob

Personality

Drinking a lot

Smoking in public

Going to clubs

Dancing/singing at clubs

Radio

Brought families together because
they come together to listen to
games, news, music and drama's.

Music

Jazz music

Jazz dances also popular at the
time

News

Sports

Foster Hewitt's: Hockey Night

Drama

Film

Popularity

Helped people to have some leisure time

It was amusing for people to watch

What they were like

Black and white

Films were originally silent movies, no sound

Text was used in the background of
the movie so that audience would
understand what was going on.

Actors would wear a lot of make up
and had to exaggerate all of their actions
so that it was easier to understand what
was happening in the film.

Near the end of the 20's these films were
replaced by 'talkies,' films with sound.

Live music played in the background

Were blurry and had spots

Famous Actors

Charlie Chaplin

Rudolph Valentino

Mary Pickford

Clara Bow

Greta Garbo

Douglas Fairbanks

Gloria Swanson

Model T

Car created by Henry Ford:
Also called the 'Tin Lizzie'

Advantages

Affordable for all people

It was an incredibly popular way
to travel

Was easy to manufacture

Only one colour and engine
were available

Didn't cost much to make
especially through the assembly
line system

Fewer workers were needed

Workers could be paid less

Uniting Canada

Ended isolation of people living
in remote areas

Cars meant building of roads,
motels, gas stations and such
things to accommodate these
cars

Created jobs for lots of people

Made travel easier which meant that
people traveled more. This united Canada
because since travel was easier and cheaper
people started to travel more.

The car also increased mobile culture
which also meant that people traveled
more.

Telephone

Advantages

Could contact people living
very far away

Easier to contact family

The Edmonton Grads

502 wins and only 20 losses

Brought Canadians together

Easier to contact people living
in more isolated areas

Created

Invented by Alexander Graham Bell

There was 1 telephone per four families
in the 1920's. By 1929 there were 3
telephones per four families

Airplane

Created

Commercial airplanes created after WWI

Advantages

Created jobs

Mainly people who flew jets
in WWI were pilots of these
planes

'Bush Pilots'

Created travel across
further distances easier

Could bring supplies and needed
resources to isolated areas such
as the territories

Connected Canada because people
could now travel to different parts
of Canada more easily and quickly

Sports

Hockey

Howie Morenz

Presented with the Hart Trophy

Scored 51 points from 1927 to 1928

Won the Stanley Cup twice

Sailboat Racing

The Bluenose

Undefeated champion of the International
Fisherman's Trophy

Track and Field

Percy Williams

Set record for 100 m in the Olympics
at 10.6 seconds

The Matchless Six

Fanny Rosenfield

Jean Thompson

Ethel Smith

Myrtle Cook

Ethel Catherwood

Jane Bell

Basketball

Invented by: Dr. James Naismith

Baseball, Hockey and Football

Lionel Conacher

'The Big Train'

Baseball

Babe Ruth

Hit a total of 60 homeruns in 1927

Played for

New York Yankees

Boston Red Sox

Boxing

Jack Dempsey

He fought 83 bouts, won 66 (with 51
KO’s), lost 6 (with 1 KO), and drew 11

Football

Red Grange

Played in the NFL

Made 2 famous touchdowns

Tennis

William Tilden

First American to win Wimbleton

Helen Wills

Won the Wimbleton

Won 2 Olympic gold medals

Won 19 single championships

Golf

Bobby Jones

Most successful
amateur golfer ever to
compete on a national
and international level

Glenna Collett

Claimed her first of six U.S.
championships in 1922

American Hall of Fame
golfing champion

Winnipeg General Strike

Unions

All unions for workers banned

Protected worker's rights at the workplace

Strike

Worker's Needs

Better working conditions

8 hour workday

They previously worked 12 hours a day.

Higher wages

Workers wanted higher wages since the cost of living inflated. To keep up with the prices, they needed higher wages to support themselves and their families.

People were outraged that war profiteering individuals had a lot of money so they want money as well.

More jobs

Most jobs had been taken over by women

Women had been kicked
out to make space for the
men entering the workplace

More rights at the workplace

Wanted the right to bargain collectively

A union

Actual strike

Happened Thursday, May 15, 1919

WTLC (Winnipeg Trades & Labour Council)
Had a poll on whether or not to actually strike
11,000 voted yes, while only less than 600 were
against it

25,000 to 35,000 workers walked out on strike

The strike lasted 6 weeks.

Bloody Saturday

When the strike ended

Saturday, June 21

Thousands of strikers had come out
to protest imprisonment of strike leaders

Special Police

Called in by the government

Carried clubs and bats with spokes

Attacked the strikers

2 strikers killed 30 injured

2 strikers killed and 30 injured

Strike leaders put an end to the
strike to avoid further conflict

Citizen's Committee of One Thousand was formed in response to the strike

Made up of the richest people in the city

Named all striker's 'aliens'

ignored all workers' basic needs

Were against the strike and convinced
people against it.

One Big Union (OBU)

Supported workers and their rights

Was all across Canada

Strike committee

Formed to organize the tactics of the strike

Formed to recognize the needs
of the worker's

Federal Government

Comes in to Winnipeg to help with the building
tensions between employers and employee's.

Sets up meetings with the employers
and the Citizen's Committee of One Thousand

Refuses to meet with the
strike committee though

Government supports
the employers

Governments actions towards the strike

Federal employees forced
to come back to work or
face being laid off
to come back to work
or face being laid off.

Federal Immigration Act

Made to deport
British-born
immigrants

Government broadens the definition
of sedition. (speech or action taken
to set people up against the
government.

allows strike leaders to be arrested

Acts as a threat to other strike leaders

After the strike

Became illegal to join a union

Many had no jobs to return to

Forced to sign contracts saying
they would never join a union

Positive Effects

Brought awareness to worker's rights

Social and economic problems of the worker's
finally seen by government

Lots of the workers' rights were later granted

Worker equality eventually became very important

The Great Depression

Happened as a result of
the stock market crash

People at the time

Homeless

Living on the streets
also meant that diseases
were running rampid.

Had no food

Malnourished

Were bankrupt

No money

Belongings had been
taken by the banks

Poor

Stock Market Crash

Black Tuesday

Happened because of how people
were misusing the stock market

October 29, 1929

When the prices of stocks
were absolute zero

When the stock
market literally crashed

Black Thursday

Prices of stocks and
companies began to drop

October 24, 1929

Stock market began to plunge

FNMI

During the war

Allowed to fight in the war

Given many rights

Lots of freedom

Felt included for once

After the war

Treated very badly

Lost all of the freedom that
they had gained during the
war

No rights to vote

Pushed away from
cities and other people

Faced with lots of racism

Black Canadians

During WWI

Put in battalions that
would build roads, and bridges

Not allowed in the battalions
that fought on the front

No.2 Construction Battalion

Few made it to the front lines
and got to fight

Would carry the dead

Built trenches

Made artillery in factories

Were oppressed and racially
marginalized by the whites
at the time

After WWI

Their efforts in the war weren't
recognized back in Canada

Faced with lots of racism

Many were lynched in the U.S
after the war

Treated very cruelly

Japanese

Many restrictions on Japanese
immigration in Canada

They had to pass many specifications
to even get here

An agreement passed in Canada
in the 1920's

Restricted immigration from Japan
to a 150 people each year

The Japanese that did come to Canada

Treated with lots of racism

belongings, homes, stores, companies
were destroyed or vandalized by the
white people already living there

Chinese

Coming into Canada

Charged a head tax

Chinese Immigration Act
$50 upon arrival

Made to work labour
jobs in Canada

Hauling coal

Packing Fish

Washing Dishes

Racially profiled
very regularly

Shops, stores and belongings
damaged on purpose by the
white living in their
neighborhoods

French Canadians

WWI

didn't believe they should be
apart of the war

Believed it to be a English war

Refused to go and fight
or be apart of the war
effort

Conscription

French Canadians were ultimately forced
to got to war

Raised lots of tensions in
Canada

Lots of riots and marches were taken out
by the French

After WWI

Didn't want to be apart of Canada

Didn't consider themselves
Canadians

Enemy Aliens

Germans

From an enemy country

Polish

From enemy side

Russians

From Enemy Side

Sent into internment camps because they
were from the enemy countries. Canadians
believed that they would attack Canada
and so were sent into interment camps where
they were forced to do labour work.

League Of Nations

Created after WWI

Founded in 1919

Founded after the Paris Peace Conference

Responsibilities

To maintain world peace

Prevent war

Settle problems between countries

Deal with global welfare problems

Canada

Had 3 seats in the league

Important because it gave Canada
a say in global issues

Made Canada seem more important
as only the most powerful countries
were in the league.

The fall of the League Of Nations

The league of nations failed to stop
WWII from occurring and as a result
was dissolved in 1946

Later countries began to come together
to make an organization that would be
far more successful than the League.
This new organization was named the
United Nations or the UN.

Vimy Ridge

Battle

Happened in April, 1917

Often called the, 'Birth of Canadian
national pride and awareness.'

Background of the battle

Took place on the western front in France

All four of the Canadian divisions
fought together for the first time.

The ridge was finally
captured from the Germans

The British and French had already failed
to conquer this territory previously

Battle was fought through blinding
sleet and snow.

Ridge was important because it
was a good strategic position.
It was great for both offensive
and defensive strategies.

Battle was led by Sir Arthur Currie

Organized the troops in into
waves of attacks

His tactics were what led
to ultimate success

Never lost a single battle

Implemented tactics learnt
in different battles into his own

Made his soldiers train over
and over for this specific battle

'Soldiers knew the battle
field like the back of their hands'

Each soldier was given a
map of the ridge

Outcome

Canadians won the battle

Ridge was conquered

3,598 Canadians were killed

Nearly 10,000 casualties
in total in this battle

Four Victoria Crosses were given out
at the end of this battle

First allied victory since the
beginning of the war

It was celebrated as
a new coming of age
for the Canadians

The Treaty of Versailles