Natural Systems:
What Is Fixed?

-"Igneous" means "Fire"
-Rocks made from cooled magma
-Mostly found around volcanoes
-Examples include granite and obsidian

-Formed in a process that starts with weather and ends in lithification
-Forms in layers
-Examples include sandstone and limestone

-"Metamorphic" means "Changed"
-Used to be sedimentary of igneous rock
-Changed due to heat and pressure
-Examples include marble and gneiss

-Two plate tectonics pushing together
-"Subduction" is when an ocean plate get pushed below a continental plate

-Two plate tectonics moving apart
-Volcanoes can form along these boundaries

-Two pate rubbing against each other
-This makes seismic waves which results in earthquakes

-They usually stand alone and are symmetrical
-Forms due to subduction
-Can form on divergent boundaries

-Happens due to tectonic plate movement
-Strongest around fault lines
-Mostly happens at transform boundaries

-Occurs when high air pressure and low air pressure winds meet
-Winds circulate and create a tunnel, which makes an updraft which makes the tornado reach the clouds

-Covers a little less than half of Canada
-Consists mostly of igneous rocks
-Made in the Precambrian era

-Consists mostly of sedimentary rock
-Formed in the Paleozoic era
-Heavily eroded; used to be mountains, now only hills

-Consists of all rock types
-Located on the Pacific coast
-Formed from folding when the Pacific Plate converged with the North American Plate

-Happens when convergent boundaries push against each other and wrinkle
-The highest mountains were made by folding
-The Western Cordillera was formed by folding

-Where two tectonic plates rub together (Transform Boundary)
-Friction causes seismic waves, which result in earthquakes
-Mountains can form, one side being steep along the fault line

-Carries away broken parts of the geosphere
-Wind, water, and ice cause this
-Lots of mountains have been eroded, like the Appalachian mountains and the Canadian Shield

-Rocks and other parts of the geosphere are broken
-Weathering and erosion go hand in hand; weathering makes a mess and erosion cleans it up

-Snow falls faster than it melts creating a fern (hard ice)
-Its heavy weight causes it to move, creating new land forms like valleys and waterfalls
-A form of erosion

-The Oldest Era
-The first multi and single celled organisms (in the water)
-The Canadian Shield was formed

-The second oldest era
-The first organisms appeared on land (reptiles, insects)
-The Appalachian Highlands were formed

-The third oldest era
-Dinosaurs and reptiles ruled
-Mammals first appeared
-The asteroid ended this era

-The era that we are living in
-The continents take on their present shape
-Humans emerge and develop