Phonetics Inventory and structure of the sounds of language. It has two approachings:
Articulatory Phonetics Studies the psysiological mechanism of the speech production
PHONETICS TRANSCRIPTION
Represents each sound of human speech with a single symbol. These symbols are enclosed in brackets / /. It requires a system:
The International Phonetics Alphabet IPA is the best-known system for transcribing the sound of speech. This system represents speech in the form of:
SEGMENTS Which can be analyzed into smaller subunits called:
FEATURES Which reflect individual aspects of articulatory control or acoustic effects produced by articulation
THE SOUND PRODUCING SYSTEM
The speech production mechanism consists of an air supply, a sound source that sets the air in motion, and a set of filters and resonators that modifies the sound in differents ways. All these parts form what we know as VOCAL TRACT
LUNGS
They are the source of moving air. We need take air into the lungs and then expel it during speech with certain air pressure maintained by the action of various set of muscles, among them:
INTERCOSTALS
DIAPHRAGM
LARYNX. Known as the sound source, voice box or Adam´s Apple. It contains :
VOCAL FOLDS
GLOTTIS Space between the vocal folds and where glottal states are produced
GLOTTAL STATES These are produced depending of the vocal folds positioning. Some of them are:
VOICELESSNESS
VOICING
WHISPER
MURMUR
SOME FILTERS
PHARYNX
ORAL CAVITY
NASAL CAVITY
SOUND CLASSES
VOCALS
Are produced with relatively little obstruction in the vocal tract.
Are sonorous
Are syllable
CONSONANTS
Are less sonorous than vowels
Are generally not syllable
Are produced with a narrow or complete closure in the vocal tract
GLIDES
Or semivowel is a sound that is phonetically similar to a vowel sound but funtions as the syllable boundary rather than as the nucleus of a syllable