Categorias: Todos - privatización - transición - liberación - macroeconómico

por Paola Játiva 4 anos atrás

339

El marco de la política económica: de la economía de mercado a las economías mixtas

El marco de la política económica: de la economía de mercado a las economías mixtas

El marco de la política económica: de la economía de mercado a las economías mixtas

Rivers have always been essential for human life and settlement. A source for drinking, the source of food, and a way to transfer goods from one place to another. They are essential in the environment of rainforest and wetlands.

Economías en transición

The Yangtze holds the title of Asia’s longest river. The Yangtze has a momentous place in China’s history and culture, providing some of the country’s most fertile land as well as some of its most artistically inspiring scenery.

Where the Mekong river runs, the land is incredibly verdant shaping one of the richest areas of biodiversity on the planet. Thousands of species call its shores and waters home. Long an essential trade route the Mekong passes through, or close to, some of the region’s most important cities, including Vientiane, Phnom Penh and Saigon.

Tránsito de economía de planificación centralizada a economía de mercado

The Mekong is a trans-boundary river in Southeast Asia. Its estimated length is 4,350 km.

From the Tibetan Plateau, the river runs through China's Yunnan Province, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam.
The Mekong rises as the Za Qu and soon becomes known as the Lancang (Lantsang) in the 'Three Rivers Source Area' on the Tibetan Plateau in the Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve. It approaches and empties into the sea through the Mekong Delta. Tributaries: Nam Khan, Tha, Nam Ou, Mun, Tonle Sap, Kok, Ruak.

Caídas de la producción y desmantelamiento o reconversión de sectores creados en régimen comunista

Where is the place where Mekong drains into a larger body of water ? Type in the answer.

aplicación de medidas de control y saneamiento presupuestarios

demanda de productos y bienes experimenta rápidos cambios por apertura al resto del mundo y por libre elección de consumidores

sectores básicos de la economía se someten a competencia en mercados internacionales

introducción del mercado hace que determinados productos dejen de tener demanda porque se pueden elegir otros con más ventajas

Estadísticas de países del Este europeo no respondías a la realidad, estaban sobrevalorados

Cambios en el plano macroeconómico

Where is the original point from which Mekong flows? Type in the answer.

creación de sistema impositivo semejante a economías desarrolladas

Privatización del sector productivo

Empresas estatales transferidas a capitales privados

Liberación de los precios

Mekong River flows through 6 countries. Type them in.

No los controlan las autoridades, se determinan de acuerdo con las leyes del mercado

Inicios

The Yangtze or Yangzi is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country (Qinghai, Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai provinces). It rises in the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau and flows 6,300 km in a generally easterly direction to the East China Sea.

Tributaries: Yalong, Min, Tuo, Jialing, Han, Wu, Yuan, Zi, Xiang, Gan, Huangpu.
In mid-2014, the Chinese government announced it was building a multi-tier transport network, comprising railways, roads, and airports, to create a new economic belt alongside the river.

Polonia

Where is the place where Yangtze drains into a larger body of water ? Type in the answer.

se plantea el abandono del sistema de planificación centralizada

URSS

Where is the original point from which Yangtze flows? Type in the answer.

Finales sesenta y durante setenta

reformas para dar entrada al mercado y al sistema de precios

Segunda guerra mundial

países europeos donde triunfó comunismo, tomaron un sistema económico centralizado

K. Marx

sus ideas sirven de base doctrinal para desarrollo de procesos revolucionarios

Yangtze River flows through 9 provinces in China. Type at least 5 of them.

Economía de libre mercado a economías mixtas

The Volga is the longest river in Europe. The waters of the Volga are used to irrigate the steppe regions of southern Russia. Because of its importance in the country, the Volga has mythological status in Russia, and many iconic sites are found along its banks

The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe. Travelers can experience many of the river's sights by embarking on a cruise along its waterways. Danube River Cruises, which are offered by Viking Cruises, typically stop in Cologne, Budapest, Nuremberg, Belgrade and Krems. Following the river is a way to experience several Eastern European cities in one trip. Famous monuments, such as the Hungarian Parliament, have been erected on its coast.

Connotaciones

The Danube is located in Central and Eastern Europe.
The Danube flows through 10 countries, more than any other river in the world. Originating in the Black Forest in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for 2,850 km, passing through or bordering Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine before draining into the Black Sea. The mouth of the Danube is the Danube Delta. The greater part of the Danube Delta lies in Romania, with a small part in Ukraine (Odessa Oblast).
Tributaries :Iller, Lech, Altmühl, Naab, Regen, Isar, Inn, Ilz, Enns, Morava, Rába, Váh, Hron, Ipeľ, Sió, Dráva, Vuka, Tisza, Sava, Tamiš, Great Morava, Mlava, Karaş, Jiu, Iskar, Olt, Osam, Argeș, Ialomița, Siret, Prut.

Estado asume claramente una serie de funciones

Danube has over 27 tributaries. Remember that a tributary is a stream or river that flows into and joins a main river. Type in the names of some of Danube's tributaries.

Favorecer la eficiencia económica

Acciones hacia mejor distribución de renta entre ciudadanos

Salvaguardar y restablecer estabilidad de la economía a nivel macroeconímico

Establecer y salvaguardar marco jurídico

Unidades de producción se organizan bajo su criterio

This is the place where Danube drains into a larger body of water . Type in the answer.

Propiedad del capital de carácter privado

Remember that this is the original point from which the river flows. Type in the answer.

Mercado es mecanismo básico del sistema
Derecho esencial la libertad individual para tomar decisiones económicas

Danube River flows through 9 countries in Europe. Type them in.

Mixtos

The Volga is the longest river in Europe with a catchment area of 1,350,000 square km.
Eleven of the twenty largest cities of Russia, including the capital, Moscow, are located in the Volga's drainage basin. Rising in the Valdai Hills 225 meters above sea level northwest of Moscow and about 320 km southeast of Saint Petersburg, the Volga heads east past Lake Sterzh, Tver, Dubna, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. From there it turns south, flows past Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov, and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea.
Tributaries: Kama, Oka, Vetluga, and Sura. The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometers and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers.

Mercado + intervención de autoridades y presencia del sector público

Volga flows through 11 out of the 20 most important cities in Russia. Type in a couple of these cities.

Ventajas y Problemas

Fallos del sector público
Ignorancia

de costes reales con los cuales se operan en organismos

Externalidades

asumidas por poderes públicos

Internalidades

frente a externalidades generadas al sector privado

Dificultades

en control de monopolios naturales

Ineficiencias

en la producción de bienes públicos y sociales

Imperfecciones

derivadas del mercado político

Fallos del mercado
Otros posibles problemas

inadecuada asignación de recursos por selección desfavorable

asignación de recursos influenciada por "riesgo moral

Derivaciones insolidarias en la conducta social

relaciones entre miembros de la economía de mercado libre son más antagónicas que armoniosas

Necesidades preferentes e indeseables

designar bienes que deben ser suministrados por autoridad

Fallos en solucionar los desequilibrios y el crecimiento de la economía

autoridades deben intervenir

economías de mercado

Mala o insatisfecha distribución de la renta

mercado no se preocupa de situación personal de individuos, o mayor igualdad en distribución de la riqueza

Existencia de rendimientos de escala crecientes

producción a gran escala son importantes

Deficiente o nula valoración de bienes públicos

defensa nacional o vigilancia policial

Existencia de efectos externos

externalidades existen cuando no se incorporan a los pecios efectos secundarios de la producción o consumo

Mercado no competitivos

existencia de uno o muy pocos demandantes u oferentes

Ventajas
Desequilibrios tienden a ser temporales
Los cambios en los precios relativos y la competencia inducen la rápida introducción de innovaciones y cambios técnicos en los productores
Sistema de mercado respeta la libertad del individuo
El sistema de toma de decisiones de carácter descentralizado reduce costes de información y de transacción
El comportamiento egoísta y competitivo de los agentes conduce a lograr la solución más adecuada para el conjunto
Recursos económicos se asignen con más eficiencia que cualquier otro sistema

Principios y elementos básicos de economía de mercado

There are four major rivers in Africa: the Nile, the Zambezi, the Congo, and the Niger. The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.

The Zambezi's most noted feature is Victoria Falls. Other notable falls include the Chavuma Falls at the border between Zambia and Angola, and Ngonye Falls, near Sioma in Western Zambia.

Elementos_ Profesor G. Halm

The Zambezi is the fourth-longest river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa. The area of its basin is 1,390,000 square km.

The 2,574-km-long river rises in Zambia and flows through eastern Angola, along the north-eastern border of Namibia and the northern border of Botswana, then along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mozambique, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean.
Major tributaries: Chifumage River, Luena River, Kabompo River, Lungwebungu River, Luanginga River, Gwayi River, Sengwa River, Sanyati River, Kafue River, Luangwa River, Panhane River, Luia River.

Economías de mercado

Where is the place where Zambezi drains into a larger body of water ? Type in the answer.

Ni manejadas por el Gobierno

Ni controladas

No planificadas

Agentes o miembros de una economía

Where is the original point from which Zambezi flows? Type in the answer.

libertad en lo que desean consumir, invertir, ahorrar o emplear

Ingresos o rentas

en forma de dinero, vendiendo servicios, bienes o factores y obteniendo beneficios

Factores de producción

Zambezi River flows through 6 countries and 1 republic from Africa. Type them in.

trabajo, tierra o recursos naturales, capital y tecnología

Principios

The Nile, which is about 6,650 km long, covers eleven countries: Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt.

It has two major tributaries, the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The White Nile is the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.
The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea.

Principios para intercambio

La libertad de emprender y correr riesgos

This is the place where it drains into a larger body of water - another river, a lake, the sea or the ocean.
Where is the mouth of the Nile River?

La libertad en la prestación del trabajo

Remember that the source of a river is the original point from which the river flows. There are different types of sources: lake, marsh, spring or glacier.
Type in the Nile's source.

El derecho a contratar e intercambiar libremente

El derecho a la propiedad individual

The Nile flows through 7 countries and 3 republics from Africa. Type them in.

Mercado

Clasificación

Mercado de factores

Mercado de productos y servicios

Territorio en el que las partes están unidas por relaciones de libre comercio, de tal modo que los precios se nivelan con facilidad y prontitud

Encuentro y confrontación de intereses entre diversos agentes económicos, unos son oferentes y otros son demandantes

Libre iniciativa del individuo

Propietarios de recursos

Emplear para obtener contraprestación

Productores

Maximizar el beneficio

Consumidores

Soberanía del consumidor

Sistema económico

North America
In the 18th century, the river was the primary western boundary of the young United States, and since the country's expansion westward, the Mississippi River has been widely considered a convenient dividing line between the Eastern, Southern, Midwestern United States, and the Western United States.

South America

Amazon River, the greatest river of South America and the largest drainage system in the world in terms of the volume of its flow and the area of its basin.

Fin o medio

The source of a river, also called headwaters, is the original point from which the river flows. There are different types of sources: lake, marsh, spring or glacier.

Dato

el marco de operaciones de la economía

Medio

para alcanzar los fines realmente deseados por la sociedad

forma de resolver los problemas de la producción, la distribución y el consumo

Fin

un fin deseable en si mismo

Responder

Try to state the length either in miles or in kilometers.

¿Para quién producir?
¿Cómo producir?
¿Qué producir?
Definición

Its source is Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota and it flows generally south for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico.

The main stem is entirely within the United States. Tributaries - St. Croix River, Wisconsin River, Rock River, Illinois River, Kaskaskia River, Ohio River, Minnesota River, Des Moines River, Missouri River, White River, Arkansas River.

The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

Sistema

Mississippi flows through 10 different states, forming the largest delta in North America.

Type in some of these states.

conjunto organizado de cualquier clase de cosas que se manejan para algo

conjunto ordenado de normas y procedimientos con que funciona o se hace funcionar una cosa

la existencia de unas reglas o normas de procedimiento

algo que está organizado de una determinada forma