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Motivation and Performance

Good motivation practices will help leaders and managers such as :

Encourage your subordinates to set performance goals that are specific, challenging and attainable.

Increase your employees’ expectation that their efforts will lead to effective performance.

Be sensitive to the differences in needs and values among the people you supervise.

Definition Motivation

The forces and expenditure of effort acting on or within a person that cause that person to behave in a specific, goal directed manner.”Lewis, Goodman & Fandt, 2001

Motivation is a human psychological characteristic that contributes to a person’s degree of commitment.” Stoner, Freeman and Gilbert, 1995

What Is Motivation

Motivation is the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a organizational goal - condition by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need.

Is the result of an interaction between the person and a situation,it is not a personal trait.

Assumptions for theory Y

Frequently using imagination and creativity in accomplishing tasks.

Capable of self control

Capable of directing themselves (Self-Direction)

Willing to accept responsibility

Willing to work

Assumptions for theory X

Preferring to be led than to lead

Feeling that work is secondary importance

Resistance to change

Irresponsible

Lacking in ambition

Avoiding work whenever possible

Inherently disliking work

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs.

Self-actualization needs.

Esteem needs.

Social needs.

Safety needs

Physiological needs.