Alcohol

Digestive System

~ 20% of alcohol absorbed in the stomach

~ 80% of alcohol absorbed in the small intestine

Liver

Free radicals damage the liver

Liver cirrhosis

Stomach

Alcohol increases acid content in the stomach

Sever stomach pain/sores

CNS

Brain

Slowed reaction time

Foggy thinking/memory

Weakened muscles

Impaired vision

Dulled hearing

Damage/Kill Neurons

Factors Effecting CNS Impairment

Age, weight and sex

Women produce less alcohol
dehydrogenase than men

Women are usually smaller
and lighter than men

Further concentrates the
alcohol in their blood

Mood/psychological
makeup of individual

Genetic Background

How often the individual drinks

Whether it's mixed with other drugs

The amount of alcohol/
time period over which it was drunk

Food Intake

Circulatory System

Poor Heart Function

Plugged Blood Vessels

Damaged cells

Endocrine System

Impair Gland Function

Hypoglycemia

Reduced Uptake of Calcium

Osteoperosis

Decreased Testosterone Levels

Erectile Dysfunction

Easy Bruising

Acne

Oral Consumption

Siphoning Fuel

Drink it

Recreational

Clean

Household Cleaners

Disinfect

Rubbing Alcohol/Medical Disinfectant

Combustion

Fuel

Dissolves things

Cosmetics/Perfumes

Possession/Use

Legal age of 21

Must have government
issued photo ID

Sale

Individual must be 21
or older to buy alcohol

Business must have
a liquor license

Individual must present
government issued photo ID

Driver's license, temporary permit,
military license, passport, etc.

Business cannot offer free alcohol with meals

Restrictions on alcoholic specials (two-for-one) and happy hours

Some states prohibit sale to pregnant women

Distribution

Distribution laws/regulations
vary state to state

Oregon Liquor
Control Commission

Wine, Liquor and Malt
Beverage Privilege Tax

Too many things to list; https://www.oregon.gov/olcc/Pages/index.aspx

Also handles marijuana laws

Importation

Must have Federal Basic
Importers Permit

Must maintain and staff
a business office in U.S.

Must contract with an
existing U.S. licensed importer

Must posses Certificate of Label
Approval for each imported product

Must pay taxes, fees and duties

Obtain Certificate of Age and Origin
for certain wines and spirits

Customs paperwork

Depressant

Relaxation

Slurred Speech

Modified Equilibrium

Relieves Anxiety

Short Term

Poor judgement/lower inhibitions

Loss of coordination

Vomiting

Mood Swings

Reduced Body Temp.

Passing out

Raised Blood Pressure

Difficulty concentrating

Long Term

Memory Loss

Shortened Attention Soan

Reduced white and
grey matter in the brain

Cancer

Fatty Liver

Cardiomyopathy

Stroke

High Blood Pressure

Irregular Heart Beat

Ethanol

Consumable

Beer

Wine

Spirits

Gin, whisky, vodka,
tequila, absinthe, etc.

Methanol

Poisonous when consumed

Used in fuel, antifreeze,
paint thinner, etc.

Isopropanol

Poisonous when consumed

Used for disinfecting and
cleaning (rubbing alcohol)

Binge Drinking

Social/Physical Consequences

Irreversible Effects to the Body

Heart attack, liver failure, etc.

Social Consequences

Intervention

Bankruptcy

Job Loss

Relationship Destruction

Dried flowers, stems and leaves

Edibles

Candies, brownies, cereals, drinks, etc.

THC

The chemical that gets you high

CBD

The chemical used for pain relief

Concentrates

Lotions, patches oils, etc.

Also contain THC, CBD or both.

Smoking

Dried parts of cannabis plant

Oral Consumption

Edibles/oils

Topical

Lotions, creams, oils, etc.

Addiction

Giving up social events to use marijuana

Failure to quit using marijuana

Affects job, relationship or school

Brain

Short Term

Attention, memory and mood

Long Term

Affects brain development and
establishing neural connections

Use during pregnancy

impairs attention, memory and
problem solving skills of children

May lead to problems
with behavior

Poisoning

Can occur with edibles

People can eat much because edibles
don't have an immediate effect

Depressant

See "Alcohol"

Stimulant

Increases CNS activity

Hallucinogenic

Causes changes in thought,
emotion or conciousness

The "high" caused by
dopamine release

May increase risk
for depression

May worsen symptoms of mental disorders already present

Colors may seem brighter

Noises may seem louder

Distortion of time

Lower inhibitions

Decrease coordination/reaction time

Personal Use

Medical Use

Must have severe medical condition
and diagnosed by doctor or osteopath

May have 6 mature plants

May have 18 immature
plants, starts or seedlings

Commercial

Wholesale

Retail

Processing

Production

Industrial Hemp

Cannabis sativa
with less than 0.3% THC

Clothing, cosmetics, industrial materials, etc

Production, possession and
commerce legal in Oregon since 2010

THC mimics brain
chemical Anandamide

THC can bind to
cannabinoid receptors
altering psychological function

Alters hippocampus
and orbitofrontal cortex

Involved in making new
memories and change attentional focus

Alters cerebellum/ganglia

Control posture, balance,
coordination and reaction time

Activates reward system

Releases dopamine

Causes high, making
people want more

Illegal at Federal Level

Legal for Recreational
Use in Some States

Possession/Use

Must be 21 or older

Must have valid government issued photo ID

May have up to 8 ounces of
usable marijuana in their homes

May have 1 ounce on their person in public

16 ounces of solid cannabinoid
product in solid form

72 ounces of a cannabinoid
product in liquid form

5 grams of cannabinoid extracts

Cannot use in bar/reseraunt

Sale

Distributions

Growing

Individuals may grow up to 4 plants on their property

May have 10 marijuana seeds

Importation

Cannot take marijuana across state lines

Synthetic marijuana is illegal in Oregon

Cigarettes

Cigars

Little Cigars

Cigarillos

Water pipes (hookas)

Smokeless tobacco

Chewing tobacco

Loose-leaf tobacco

E-cigarettes

Pen style, box style,
rechargeable, variable voltage

Prefilled capsules, refillable
capsules, disposables

Dissolvable Products

Orbs, Sticks/Strips

Both stimulant and depressant

Mimics acetylcholine

Stimulates and then depresses
cholinerergic receptors

Addiction

Causes change in brain

Secondhand Smoke

Lung cancer

Premature heart disease

Respiratory infections

Lung Cancer

80% of people with lung
cancer are smokers

Economic costs

Smoking-related illness costs ~$300 billion/year

~$170 billon in direct medical care

~$156 billion in lost productivity

~$5.6 billion in lost productivity
from secondhand smoke

Recreation

Import

Over 21

May not exceed US customs
limit for personal use

May bring back 200 cigarettes
AND 100 cigars at once w/o permit

Tobacco Importer Permit

Usually for businesses

May bring up to 1,000 cigarettes
every 31 days from American Samoa,
Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands or the US Virgin Islands

No more than 200 of the 1,000
can be sourced outside of these areas.

Cuban Cigars

Can be imported personally as long
as you have them with you at the border.

Cannot be imported commercially

Permits

Tobacco Importer Permit

For anyone who wants to import foreign tobacco to US

Importer of Processed Tobacco

For businesses wanting to import
processed tobacco to US

Don't need if you already
have Tobacco Importer Permit

Tobacco Products Manufacturer

Importers may need this depending
on how they prepare their product for sale

Have to report to FDA

Export

Permits

Tobacco Export Warehouse Proprietor

For businesses looking to export American tobacco

Do not have to report to FDA

Guidelines

Must be in accordance with the
specifications of the foreign purchaser

Not in conflict with laws of country it's exported to

Labelled on outside of package that it's intended for shipping

Not sold or offered for sale in domestic commerce

Consumer Use

Must be 21

Manufacturing in US

Permits

Tobacco Products Manufacturer

For businesses that manufacture tobacco products

Manufacture of Processed Tobacco

For businesses that manufacture processed tobacco

Tobacco Control Act (2009)

Restricts tobacco marketing and sales to youth

Bans sale to minors, vending machine sales, sales with packages of less than 20 cigarettes, tobacco brand sponsorship of sports, entertainment events, social and cultural events, free giveaways of sample cigarettes.

Allows FDA regulation of tobacco

Can regulate nicotine and ingredient levels

Requires smokeless tobacco products to have warning labels

May cause mouth cancer, is addictive, is not a safe alternative to smoking, may cause gum disease and tooth loss

Packaging

Must be on two principle sides and cover at least 30% of packaging

Ads

Warning label must cover at least 20% of ad area

"Modified Risk" claims must be
supported by scientific evidence

Tobacco companies must file an application for a modified risk tobacco product and be given the order to advertise as such

Requires disclosure of tobacco ingredients on packaging

Preserves state, local and tribal authority

May regulate tobacco in certain respects

Tobacco companies and suppliers must register with FDA annually

Must open facilities for FDA inspection every 2 years

Bans cigarettes with characterizing flavors except menthol and tobacco

Increase heart rate/blood pressure

Atherosclerosis

Increases blood flow to heart

Atherosclerosis

Heart Attack

Heart disease

Decreases blood oxygen levels

Increase cholesterol deposition

Inhalation of Smoke/Vapor

Oral - stays between lip and front teeth

Oral - dissolves

Stimulant

Psychoactive drug

Recreation

Medication

Found in many over-the-counter pain relievers

Effective treatment for migraines

Usually oral

Can be administered intravenously, but not common

Not strictly regulated; FDA suggests no more that 400 mg/day for a healthy adult, discouraged for children

Importation

Process

Mark Country of Origin clearly on each bag

Fill out Country of Origin certificate

Importer Security Filings filed no later than 48 hours before shipments estimated time of departure from last foreign port

Must fill out Customs and Border Protection form five days before import arrives

Negotiate contract with grower looking to export to America

Must be named representative of contract

Outline payment method

Designate the territory of growing and make sure it's exclusive for your use

Open credit line to avoid hang-ups, refrain from paying in cash

Credit line should outline ports of entry in US

List documents you need for customs and have them handy

Hire customs broker to manage importation

Make transportation plans for product once it enters US

No limit on importation amount for coffee or tea

Guidelines for FDA inspection of samples

100 bags or less; 6 bag samples

101-200 bags; 10 bag samples

201-1000 bags; 15 bag samples

Over 1000; 20 bag samples

Most coffee imports are tax free

Excludes coffee containing syrups or sauces

Blocks adenosine receptors in the brain

Allows dopamine to be active

Blocks body's ability to feel tired

Increased alertness, activity, body temperature

Restlessness, excitability and dizziness

Irritability and anxiety

Dehydration and increased need to urinate

Fast breathing and heart rate

Headache, lack of concentration, stomach pain

Long term effects

Nervousness, difficulty sleeping, anxiety, muscle tremors and weakness, fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, low blood pressure, etc.

Teas

Brewed black, 8oz

47 mg

Brewed black, decaf, 8oz

2 mg

Brewed green, 8oz

28 mg

Ready-to-drink, 8oz

19 mg

Sodas

Colas may not contain more that 6mg/ounce

Citrus, 8oz

0 mg

Root beer, 8oz

0 mg

Coffee

Brewed, 8 oz

96 mg

Brewed, decaf, 8oz

2 mg

Espresso, 1oz

64 mg

Espresso decaf, 1oz

0 mg

Instant, 8oz

62 mg

Instant, decaf

2 mg

Chocolate

Milk

20mg/100ml

Dark

59mg/100ml

Snack bars/energy drinks

Guarana

Energy drink, 8oz

29 mg

Energy shot, 1oz

215 mg

Withdrawal

Headache, fatigue, low energy, depression, anxiety, tremors, poor concentration

Over consumption

May lead to heart attacks

Over 90% of adults use caffeine regularly

Tremors, nausea, vomiting, very fast/irregular heart beat, confusion, panic attacks, seizures

Tropical Economical Collapse

Many tropical areas rely solely
on coffee bean exportation

Climate change is
decreasing coffee bean yield

Coffee tree must have specific balance of sunlight,
soil pH, water and temperature to thrive

Increasing temp has allowed fungus
(hemileia vastatrix) to invade

Causes gradual yellowing and decaying of leaves, leaving berries at the mercy of animals and weather conditions

Coffee may become a luxury

Only Hawaii and California can
produce coffee beans

California

Doesn't get enough water

Hawaii

Land is expensive, so coffee prices increase

Powder (common)

Crystalline (common)

Pills

Meth Base (less common)

Waxy, gooey oil

Colors

Pure meth

Translucent or white

Impure meth

Blue, yellow, orange, pink, brown, etc.

Color depends on how it's made
and what it's cut with

Stimulant

Effects CNS

Brain

Forces neurons to release stored
noradrenaline and dopamine at once

Increases dopamine in brain by ~10x
the amount of any pleasurable activity

Short Term

Dependence

May lead to addiction

Overdose

Mixing meth and other drugs

May lead to overdose

May lead to death

Long Term

Use during pregnancy

Infancy

Decreased arousal, increased stress, poor quality of movement

Toddler

Delayed motor development

Preschool/School-age children

Significant attention impairment, cognitive and behavioral issues in terms of self-control and executive function.

Addiction

Meth used in a binge pattern

Used every couple hours for several days to prolong high

Compulsive drug-seeking

Inability to self-regulate how much meth is used and how often

Co-occurring disorders (i.e. addiction and anxiety)

Withdrawal

Anxiety, depression, fatigue, increased appetite, psychosis

Interpersonal relationships

Violent mood swings, individual may shirk responsibilities and obligations in favor of using meth

Grades and work output drops, unemployment, financial strain, homelessness

Increased high-risk behavior and possible suicidal behavior

Medical concerns

Heart attack, brain damage coma, death

Hazardous Waste from Meth Manufacturing

Chemical Containers

Acid, drain cleaner, iodine, rubbing alcohol, starter fluid, toluene, etc.

Chemical-stained cloth and coffee filters, glassware, baking dishes, hoses, lithium batteries, propane tanks, pseudoephedrine blister packs.

Labs produce 5-7 lbs of toxic waste per pound of meth produced

Often disposed of improperly

Contaminates soil and water supplies

Batu, Black Beauties, Blade, Cotton Candy, Dunk, Go-go juice, No Doze, White Cross, Pookie, Rocket Fuel

Chalk, Chicken Feed, Crank, Cristy, Crystal, Crystal Glass, Crystal Meth, Go Fast, Gak, Christina, Cookies

Hanyak, Hiropon, Hot Ice, Ice, Kaksonjae, LA Glass, LA Ice, Meth, Methlies, Quick, Poor Man's Cocaine, Quartz

Shards, Speed, Stove Top, Super Ice, Tina, Trash, Tweak, Uppers, Ventana, Vidrio, Yaba, Yellow Bam, Jenny Crank diet

Scooby Snax, Wash, Garbage

Meth Combined with Other Drugs

Biker Coffee, Twisters, Hugs & Kisses, Fire, Shabu,Party & Play

When Using Meth

"Getting geared up," "Chicken flippin,'" "Hot rolling," "Fried," "Foiled," "Speed freak," "Tweaking," "Scattered," "Spun out," "Zooming."

Medicinally (Methamphetamine Hydrochloride)

Treats attention disorders i.e. ADHD

Socially

Reduces inhibitions

Enhances confidence

Increased ability and motivation to speak with others

Traditionally

Man-made version of ephedra shrub

Ephedra has been used in Chinese
medicine for over 5,000 years

Used to treat asthma, bronchitis, hay fever, cold symptoms

Casual use to some extent

Often leads to addiction

Schedule II of the Controlled Substances Act

Approved for pharmacological use in treating ADHD and treatment-resistant obesity

Named Desoxyn, manufactured by Ovation Pharmaceuticals

Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005

Regulates over-the-counter sales of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (no longer OTC) because they're used in the manufacture of illegal drugs

Illegal for recreational use

Foreign Drug Cartels

Manufacture and smuggle meth over the border

Methods

Ambulances

Low probability authorities will detain emergency vehicles

Buses

Cyclists

Camouflaging it in Legal Shipments

Maritime, air and land transportation

Authorities have limited ability to inspect shipments, especially ports due to mass movement of international trade

Chemical Masking

Cartels use chemical processes to change appearance

Can be smuggled in clothes, oils,
plastics, metals, pet food, etc.

Alternative Air Transportation

Drones

Very little legislation regulating drone use

Controlled Substances Act (1970)

Regulates importation, manufacture, possession, use and distribution of meth

Mounted educational program against meth

Methamphetamine Precursor Control Policies

First began in 1983, banning possession of precursors and equipment for meth production

Federal Controlled Substance
Analogue Enforcement Act (1986)

Attempted to curb growing
use of designer drugs

Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act (1996)

Regulates mail order and chemical companies
selling precursor chemicals

Laws enforced by Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

Short Term

Hyperthermia, rapid, irregular heartbeat, increased attention, decreased fatigue, increased activity and wakefulness, euphoria and rush, increases respiration

Long Term

Addiction, paranoia, hallucination, repetitive motor activity, changes in brain structure and function, deficits in thinking and motor skills, increased distractibility, memory loss, aggressive/violent behavior, mood disturbances, severe dental problems, weight loss

Snorted

Euphoria but no intense "high"

Produces effects after 3-5 minutes

Injected

Gives and intense "rush"

Doesn't last long

Swallowed

Euphoria, but no intense "high"

Produces effects after 10-20 minutes

Smoked

Gives an intense "rush"

Doesn't last long

Not federally regulated

Some states restrict sale and distribution of substances to minors that can be used as inhalants

Predominantly recreational use among children and adolescents

Short Term

Overdose

Toxic reaction that leads to serious symptoms, seizures or death

Long Term

Coma, death, suffocation from use in closed spaces

Addiction

Health problems, inability to meet responsibilities at work, school or home

Withdrawal

Nausea, loss of appetite, sweating, problems sleeping, mood changes

Liquid that vaporizes at room temperature

Depressant

Immediately enters the blood stream through the lungs

Slows brain function

Works similarly to alcohol, doesn't last as long

Short Term

Slurred/distorted speech, lack of coordination, euphoria, dizziness, hallucination, delusions, vomiting, drowsiness, headache

Long Term

Liver/Kidney/Brain damage, hearing loss, bone marrow damage, loss of motor control and limb spasms due to nerve damage, delayed behavioral development

Fumes inhaled by nose or mouth (i.e. gas siphoning)

Air blast, bold, chroming, discorama, glad, hippie crack, moon gas, oz, poor man's pot, rush, snappers, whippets, whiteout, bullet bolt, highball, laughing gas

Street Names for Using Inhalants

Bagging, Huffing, Glading

Legal

Prescription pain killers (OxyContin, morphine, codeine, etc.)

Illegal

Heroin, illegal prescription drugs coming across the border

Federal

Federal controlled substances law affirms medical value of many drugs that are controlled substances, states that opioids may be used for extended treatment of patients with intractable pain

Providing opioids to addicts is illegal unless the physician is separately registered to treat addiction

Addendum to Harrison Law, 1919, made it illegal for physicians to prescribe opiates to treat opiate addiction

State

Permit prescribing opioids for pain, do not recognize the medical value of controlled substances

Imprecise legal definitions of terms allows patients to be confused for addicts

Some states require physicians to report opioid-dependent

HIV risk from reusing unsterile needles

128 people a day in 2018 died from opioid overdose

Misuse and addiction of opioids is a crisis

Economic burden in the U.S. is ~$78.5 billion a year

Healthcare cost, loss of productivity, addiction treatment, law enforcement involvement

Serious issue in rural communities

Few treatment programs, low education on drug use, abuse and addiction, opioids are easy to get in rural communities

All of this affects the economy, which can increase the number of individuals using opioids

Societal costs

Loss of relationships due to addiction, loss of support from family and friends, loss of job/income

Natural Opiates

Alkaloids, nitrogen-containing base compounds
found in plants (i.e. opium poppy)

Morphine, codeine, thebaine

Semi-synthetic Opiates

Made from
natural opiates

Hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, heroin (illegal)

Fully Synthetic Opiates

Completely manmade

Fentanyl (many times stronger than other opioid pain relievers), pethidine, levorphanol, methadone, tramadol, dextropropoxyphene

Agonists

Initiates physiological response

Morphine, codeine, oxycodone, pethidine, diamorphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, methadone, fentanyl, sufentanyl, remifentanyl, tramadol, tapedolol

Antagonists

Inhibits physiological response

Naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, diprenorphine

Agonists/Antagonists

Nalorphene, pentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, dezocine

Partial Agonists

Meptazinol, buprenorphine

Medical Routes

Oral

Preferred route and medications
are usually cheaper

Enteral Tubes
(Feeding Tubes)

Nasogastric (NG), percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrostomy (PEG) tubes, jejunal (J) tubes

Used for drug delivery if already present

Overcomes patients inability to swallow

Allows for bitter opioids like concentrated liquid morphine to be administered easily

Transdermal

Drug applied to skin to absorb slowly,
may use an adhesive patch

Only opioid available
for this route is fentanyl

Takes 12-22 hours to work

Transmucosal

Absorbed via oral mucosa

Fentanyl lozenge

Very expensive

Aerosol

Uses IV preparations in a nebulizer

Causes rapid peak blood levels

Sublingual

Goes under the tongue

Absorbed rapidly

Rectal

Used when patients can't swallow or intravenous sites are unavailable

Subcutaneous

Absorption may take longer than intravenous injection, but provides rapid pain relief without having to access a vein

Intramuscular

Injected into muscle, commonly deltoid or vastus lateralis

Not recommended for pain management, often hurts and opioids are absorbed variably and unpredictably

Intravenous

Immediately circulates systemically

Intraspinal

Injected into spaces in and around spinal cord

Morphine and fentanyl

Intrarterial

Injected directly into an artery

Local Effects

Intraperitoneal

Injected into the large surface lining the abdominal cavity

Local Effects

Pulmonary

Uses the large surface area of the pulmonary epithelium and mucous membranes

Local Effects

Cutaneous

Topical application to the conjunctiva of the eyes, nasopharynx, oropharynx, vagina, colon, urethra, and bladder

Local Effects

"Street" Routes

Oral

Most Common

Intranasal

Injection

Smoking

Least Common

Long Term

Physical dependence, tolerance, addiction

Withdrawal symptoms

Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumos

Short Term

Drowsiness, constipation nausea, slowed breathing, unconsciousness, coma

Medicinal

Used to treat moderate to severe pain

Some can be used to treat coughing and diarrhea

Recreational

Pain relief

Opioid craving

Dopamine "high"

Binds to opioid receptors in brain, spinal cord and peripheral tissues, reducing the amount of pain messages being sent to the brain, curbing the feeling of pain, triggers the dopamine reward system

Acid, Lysergic Acid or LSD

Developed from ergot, a mold found on rye grain

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)

Naturally occurring, found in nuts and bark of certain trees in South and Central America

Phalaris, Delosperma, Acacia, Desmodium, Mimosa, Virola and Psychotria genera

Also found in leaves of citrus plants and leaves, seeds and inner bark of "mimosa tenuiflora," which has become a source of livestock poisoning

Has shorter effects than other psychedelics, lasts ~1 hour

Ololiuqui

Naturally occurring in morning glory seeds

Not commonly used due to unpleasant side effects

Psilocybin

Termed "magic mushrooms"

Wide variety of hallucinogenic mushrooms

Legal state is ambiguous as the are naturally found in many parts of the world

Ecstasy

Hallucinogenic properties are less pronounced, mood-altering and stimulant effects are more noticeable than in other psychedelics

Mescaline

Naturally occurring in some species of cactus (i.e. peyote)

N-Bomb

Synthetic designer drug used for neurochemistry and brain mapping

Salvia

Psychoactive drug that comes from "Salvia divinorum" a plant native to the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico

Unique in chemical structure compared to other natural psychedelics

Not alkaloid, is terpenoid, a broad class of organic chemicals

PCP

Synthetic drug that also causes dissociative hallucinations

Originally synthesized as an anesthetic, discontinued use in humans in the 1950's

Ketamine

Precursor to PCP, synthesized for the same purpose

DXM

Common ingredient in cough suppresant

GHB

Psychoactive drug that naturally occurs in the brain

Peyote

Schedule I drug (illegal); with religious exemptions

Listing peyote as a Schedule I drug does not apply to the nondrug use of peyote in religious ceremonies of the Native American Church

Members of the Native American Church do not have to register their peyote use when used for a religious ceremonies

Individuals manufacturing or supplying peyote to the Native American Church is required to obtain annual registration and to comply with all other law requirements

Salvia is federally legal, some states consider it a controlled substance

PCP

Not used in humans

Ketamine

Restricted to veterinary use

Psilocybin mushrooms are difficult to distinguish from deadly mushrooms

Death Caps can look identical and grow in the same places

N-Bomb is fatal in high doses, effective dose is less than a milligram while similar synthetic hallucingoens require about 3 grams

Several overdoses caused by mistaken identity

Overdose via mistaken identity in general

Psychedelics stimulate or suppress the activity of neurotransmitters that they are chemically similar to

Ecstasy

MDMA, molly

N-Bomb

251-NBOMe. 251

Salvia

Salvinorin A

PCP

Phencyclidine

DXm

Dextromethorpan

LSD

Acid, blotter, doses, dots, trips, mellow yellow, window pane, purple dragon

LSD

Oral

Blotter Paper

LSD soaked into sheets of absorbent paper with colorful designs, cut into small individuals dosage units

Most common form

Thin squares of gelatin

Called "window panes"

Tablets, called Microdots, or capsules

Liquid on sugar cubes

Pure liquid form

may be very potent

Sublingual

Snorting

Injection

Ecstasy

Oral

Tablet, capsule, powder and liquid

Snorting

Injection

Psilocybin

Oral

Eat them straight, brew a tea, mix them with other foods

DMT

Oral

Injection

Smoking

Peyote

Oral

Fresh or dried buttons, capsules, dried powder or a teas

N-Bomb

Snorting, sublingual and absorbed through the mucosa in the mouth

Salvia

Oral

Chewing leaves and holding them in your mouth

Smoking

Dried leaves

Effects of mescaline are similar to LSD

LSD

Alters awareness/perception, may cause hallucination, not chemically addictive, but may still cause paranoia and anxiety

Psilocybin

Increases empathy, euphoria and alters thinking. Some species may cause open and closed eye visuals

Mescaline/peyote

Color enhancements, euphoria, increase in introspection, can cause nausea and vomiting due to peyote's bitterness

Low risk of psychological addiction, not chemically addictive

Ecstasy

Increased empathy and emotional connection, elevates mood and facilitates mental and physical euphoria, can create mild hallucinations like color change and heightened audio

Causes dehydration and raises body temperature, can lead to fatal medical complications due to hyperthermia and dehydration, especially when combined with alcohol

N-Bomb

Similar to ecstasy, causes increase in empathy and affection, as well as visual hallucinations, may also cause extreme anxiety and feeling of doom

Salvia

Dissociative, distorts sight and sound, hallucinogenic effects can cause trance-like states, anxiety and dysphoria

PCP

May cause mania, delirium and disorientation, is moderately addictive and there is a possibility of developing psychological issues

Ketamine

Can cause sedation and memory loss, recreational effects are similar to PCP, also has low to moderate addiction potential

DXM

In high doses, causes dissociative hallucinogenic effects, like PCP and ketamine, less likely to cause addiction or dependence

Effects are similar to ecstasy, is habit forming in rats and may cause withdrawal symptoms

Hallucinogens

Stimulants

Religious

Native American Church

Uses peyote in religious ceremonies (nondrug use)

Historically

DMT used for thousands of
years by Amazonian Tribe

Activated by brewing rainforest plants in a tea

Medically

N-Bomb

Used for neurochemistry and brain mapping

GHB

Used as an anesthetic and in narcolepsy treatment