Musculoskeletal System

What are the types of bone?

cortical bone

Outer layer of compact layer

mechanical strength and makes up the majority of the skeleton.

cancellous bone

Inner, spongy layer of bone

contains a high number of bone cells and is responsible for changes in bone growth and structure.

bones vary in size and appearance

where is it usually found?

upper and lower
limbs, has a tubular shape with expanded ends.

the shape

e long cylindrical part,
and the expanded ends of the shaft are called the epiphyses. The center of the shaft is
hollowed out to form the marrow cavity, which is filled with fat and bone marrow.

purpose

provides considerable strength without excessive weight.
The parts of a typical long bone are referred to by specific terms.

short

where is it usually found?

include the carpal bones of the hands that allow movement of the wrist, and the tarsal bones of the feet that allow movement of the ankle.

the shape

shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone. The outside surface is comprised of a thin layer of compact bone.

purpose

provide stability to the wrist and ankle joints and also help facilitate some movements.

flat

where is it usually found?

occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, hip bone (coxal bone), sternum, ribs, and scapulae

the shape

two thin layers of compact bone enclosing between them a variable quantity of cancellous bone, which is the location of red bone marrow.

purpose

protect internal organs such as the brain, heart, and pelvic organs.

irregular

where is it usually found?

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal concha, and hyoid.

the shape

vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category. have a fairly complex shape, which helps protect internal organs

purpose

protect various parts of your body. Eg, your vertebrae protect your spinal cord.

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osteoblasts

definition

active bone-forming
cells that produce the collagenous bone matrix.

function/purpose

secrete an enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, that promotes deposition of calcium phosphate salts in the bone matrix to calcify the bone

relation with mitosis

Dont undergo mitosis

osteocytes

definition

Mature Osteoblast

function/purpose

Make the bone calefied and more rigid, osteoblasts
become incorporated within the bone and become transformed into relatively inactive mature bone cells called osteocytes.

relation with mitosis

Dont undergo mitosis

osteoclasts

definition

multinucleated cells related to
macrophages, are concerned with bone resorption.

function/purpose

They remove the bone matrix
by phagocytosis, dissolve the bone salts, and release the calcium and phosphate ions
into the circulation

relation with mitosis

Dont undergo mitosis

Intramembranous bone formation

Endochondral bone formation

caused by

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manifestations

one of the most common skeletal-related disease

3 common types

caused by

manifestations

Osteoarthritis

caused by

manifestations

Gout

caused by

manifestations

caused by

manifestations

caused by

manifestations

caused by

manifestations